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Transcript
Prokaryote/Eukaryote/ Organelle QQ/Notes Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Organelles Quick Question 1 What are the three properties of all cells? I. Prokaryotic Cells • single-celled organisms earliest & most primitive forms of life on earth include bacteria and archaeans no nuclei • • • • • • • (pro means before, thus before nucleus) no membrane organelles some have a cell wall II. Eukaryotic Cells • • • • • Multi-celled organisms true nuclei (eu means true) Has membrane organelles cell membrane in animals cell wall in plants Quick Question 2 Compare and Contrast Pro and Eukaryotic cells III. Cell Organelles Organelletiny organ that performs an individual tasks A. Endoplasmic Reticulum • • • Thin membranes not visible in light microscope Divide interior of cell into compartments Abbreviated ER – smooth and rough i. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • • Manufactures proteins Location for Translation of RNA into proteins Quick Question 3 What are the building blocks of proteins? Why is the rough ER crucial to cell function? ii. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • • • Creates lipids and steroid messengers organizes Lacks ribosomes B. Nucleus • • • • • Information center of cell Spherical shape Largest organelle, readily visible Centrally located Positioned by filaments Quick Question 4 Why is the nucleus the information center? C. Nuclear Envelope • Double layer membrane pinched together at nuclear pores • outer membrane • continuous with the rough ER • Inner membrane • Embedded with proteins • Pores that serve as molecular channels that restricts passage of molecules except RNA and some proteins. Quick Question 5 Why do you think proteins are so necessary? D. Ribosome “Worker Bees” • Where RNA is made into proteins • Proteins are necessary for carrying out the functions of life • You will learn all about this in IS ¾! E. Golgi Complex • Golgi Bodies • Individual, flattened stacks of membranes • • • Collectively called the Golgi complex Function in Molecule Collection, Packaging, Distribution In charge of Delivery, the “FedEx” of the cell F. Lysosome • • • • • The Garbage men! Membrane bound organelles containing digestive enzymes Break down worn-out cell parts Recycles material into new structures Digest pathogens engulfed by white blood cells F. Centrioles Microtubular Assembly Plants • Present in animal and protist cells • Occur in pairs near nuclear envelope • Help move DNA during Mitosis • H. Mitochondria • Cell's Chemical Power Plant • Present in all organisms • Bounded by double membrane a. Outer membrane is smooth b. Inner membrane is folded into contiguous layers called cristae • Possesses own DNA • Capable of replication I. Chloroplasts • Where photosynthesis occurs • Found in plants and algae • Bounded by double membrane • Internal membranes form disk-shaped thylakoids (look like pancakes) • Photosynthetic pigments on thylakoid surface • Possess own DNA • Can reproduce J. Cytoskeleton • • Interior framework of cell Provides structure K. Flagella and Cilia • Two types of locomotion • Flagella: whip like action • • Ex: tail of bacteria Cilia: wave like motion • Ex: hairs in your ear Quick Question 6 Let’s see what you got! Name as many organelles and their functions as you can