Download Biology Test 1 Review Three domains: Archae

Biology Test 1 Review
Archae- no nucleus, cells wall without peptidoglycan
Bacteria- no nucleus, cells wall with peptidoglycan
Eukarya- have a nucleus- Eukaryote
Archaebacteria- “extreme bacteria”
Cell Type- Prokaryote (no nucleus)
Organization- Unicellular
Cell wall- lacks PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Nutrition- Heterotroph/ Autotroph
(chemosynthetic)
Eubacteria- “true bacteria”
Cell Type- Prokaryote (no nucleus)
Organization- Unicellular
Cell wall- has PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Locomotion: Squirm,
flagella, cilia
Nutrition- Heterotroph/
Authotroph
(photosynthetic)
Locomotion: Squirm,
flagella, cilia
ProtistaCell Type- Eukaryote (has a
nucleus)
Organization- Unicellular,
Multicellular (colony)
Cell wall- some yes, some no
Nutrition: photosynthetic
(autotrophic), or
heterotrophic (eats)
Locomotion: Yes (Cilia,
Flagella, Ooze)
Fungi
Cell Type- Eukaryote
Unicellular (yeast), Multicellular (molds, mushrooms)
Cell Wall- Yes (Chitin)
Nutrition- heterotroph (saprophyte/decomposer)
Locomotion- No
Plantae
Cell type- Eukaryote
Organization- Multicellular
Cell Wall = Cellulose
AnimaliaCell type- Eukaryote
Organization- Multicellular (Specialized)
Cell Wall- No
Nutrition- Heterotroph (ingestion)
Locomotion- Yes
NutritionAutotroph
(Photosynthetic)
Locomotion- No
Prokaryote
Three domains:
Biology Test 1 Review
Characteristics of life
1.All living things are made of cells
2.All living things use energy
3.All Living things respond to stimuli- shiver when cold, change
fur color, plants bend toward light
4.All Living things Reproduce- Sexual or asexual
5.All living things grow and Develop
6.All Living things Change to Fit Their
Environment
7.All Living things have DNA
8.All Living things maintain a Stable Internal Environment- This is called HOMEOSTASIS
Water – The O and H are held together by a Polar Covalent Bond
Water is a polar molecule- which means it has a partial
positive and a partial negative side
The Oxygen has a partial negative charge because it
has more positive protons to attract the negative
electrons
The Hydrogen has a partial positive charge
It is able to dissolve many solutes because of
its polarity
It is called the Universal Solvent
Water Molecule are attracted to the other end
charge of other water molecules and are held together by Hydrogen
Bonds
Its polarity also allows for many of the properties that make water
special:
-Its frozen state is less dense than its liquid state
Biology Test 1 Review
Adhesion- is the tendency of water to stick to its container,
this is part of what is responsible for plants being able to
move water from their roots to their shoots. Also responsible
for meniscus.
-Cohesion- is the tendency of water molecules to stick
together and is also part of what is responsible for moving
water in plants
-Surface Tension- is especially strong
cohesion in the top layer of water
molecules.
Macromolecules
Biology Test 1 Review
Four Types of Macromolecules
Function
Dietary Energy; storage; Plant Structure
Information Storage; Genetic Material
Enzyme, Structure, Storage, Transport (Cell
Membrane)
Long term energy storage; Cell membrane;
hormones (Steroids)
Cell Membrane
The Cell membrane is a Fluid Mosaic made
up of a phospholipid bilayer and Proteins
The Phospholipid Bilayer is made up of
two layers of phospholipids with a
hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
The hydrophobic tails face inward and the
hydrophilic heads face outward
This makes the Cell Membrane Selectively Permeable
-It allows small, uncharged molecules through with the concentration gradient –
Passive Transport
-While keeping out large, charged particles
Biology Test 1 Review
Larger, Charged Particles
require ENERGY to get
through the Cell Membrane –
Active Transport
Active Transport uses ATP as
its energy source
Proteins are used to move
some molecules
Diffusion is the movement of molecules with the
concentration gradient – from high concentration to
low concentration
Osmosis- Diffusion of water from where there is more
water (low solute) to where there is less water (high
solute)
Hypotonic solutions have a less solute outside the cell than
inside. This causes water to move in to equalize the
concentration
Isotonic Solution have the same amount of solute inside and
outside
Hypertonic solutions have more solute outside the cell then
inside. This causes water to move out of the cell to equalize the
concentration
Endocytosis- Part of the cell membrane surrounds materials in a vesicle
and carries them into the cell to be released inside.
Used for:
- Molecules that are too large to
- Engulfing food- Requires the
move through the cell
use of ATP energy
membrane
- Active Transport
Exocytosis:
Part of the cell membrane surrounds materials in a vesicle and carries
them out of the cell to be released outside.
Used for:
-Molecules that are too large to
-Requires the use of ATP
move through the cell membrane
energy
-Removing waste and worn out
-Active Transport
organelles