Download 2nd 9-WEEKS STUDY GUIDE – PART 2

Name: _______________________________
Date: ____________
3rd 9-WEEKS STUDY GUIDE
CELL THEORY AND CELL ORGANELLES
1. List the three statements of the cell theory.
-
All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
New cells come from old cells.
2. Every cell has to have 3 structures. What are they?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA
3. List at least 2 differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
- Prok’s are small and simple, Euk’s larger and complex
- Prok’s DO NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS or any other organelles.
4. List at least 2 similarities between Prok’s and Euk’s.
- Both have cytoplasm, cell membrane and DNA
- Both carry out functions of life (growth, reproduction, etc.)
5. Complete the following chart on cell organelles.
Organelle
Structure
Round, Membrane, Nucleolus,
Nucleus
Chromatin/Chromosomes
Function
Controls most cell processes
System of folded membranes
Transports materials inside the
cell
Bead – like
MAKES PROTEINS
System of folded membranes
Exports materials
Small, round
DOUBLE MEMBRANE
Breaks down stuff
Sac-like
Storage
Outer double membrane
Stacks of inner membranes
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Kidney bean shaped
Smooth outer membrane, folded
inner membrane
Energy production
(cellular respiration)
ER
Ribosome
Golgi
Apparatus
Lysosome
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
6.
Identify at least 2 differences between plant cells and animal cells.
1. Plant cells have chloroplasts, animal cells do not.
2. Plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells do not.
Name: _______________________________
Date: ____________
3. Plant cells have 1 large vacuole, animal cells have several smaller
vacuoles
Movement Across the Cell Membrane
1. What is the function of the cell membrane?
- Controls what enters and leaves the cell.
2. Draw and label a picture of the cell membrane.
3. Find the concentrations of the following solutions:
a. 82 g of salt dissolved in 250 mL of water
82 g / 250 mL = .328 g/mL
b. 500 mL of water with 338 g of sugar mixed in.
338 g / 500 mL = .676 g/mL
c. 4.5 g of Kool-Aid in 1.89 L of water.
4.5 g / 1.89 L = 2.38 g/L
4. Define the following terms:
a. Permeable – Can go through
b. Impermeable – Can’t go through
c. Selectively Permeable – Some stuff can, some stuff can’t go through
5. Define the following types of movement:
a. Diffusion – movement of molecules from a high conc. to a low conc.
b. Osmosis – diffusion of water
c. Facilitated Diffusion – diffusion with the help of a channel protein
6. These types of movement are considered Passive Transport. What does this mean?
- No Energy Required From the Cell – happens on its own.
Name: _______________________________
Date: ____________
7. Imagine that we have a beaker divided in half by a selectively permeable membrane. The
membrane is permeable to salt, sugar, and water, but is impermeable to everything else.
The beaker is filled with 400 mL of water.
a. We add 46 g of salt to the left side of the beaker. What will the concentration be
on that side?
46 g / 200 mL = .23 g/mL
b. We add 84 g of salt to the right side of the beaker. What will the concentration be
on that side?
84 g / 200mL = .42 g/mL
c. What type of movement will take place (D, FD, or O)? In what direction (left or
right)?
D - left
d. What will be the equilibrium concentration?
(.23 + .42) / 2 = .325 g/mL
8. For each of the following, tell (1) what type of movement will take place, (2) which
direction it will go, and (3) what the equilibrium concentration will be.
a. The concentration of a molecule inside the cell is 492 g/mL. Outside, the
concentration is 268 g/mL. The membrane is permeable to this molecule.
D – Out – 380 g/mL
b. The concentration of a molecule inside the cell is 2.6 g/mL. Outside, the
concentration is 22.1 g/mL. The membrane is impermeable to this molecule.
O – Water Out
- 12.35 g/mL
c. The concentration of a molecule inside the cell is 12.08 g/mL. Outside, the
concentration is 12.4 g/mL. The membrane is permeable to this molecule.
D – In – 12.24 g/mL
d. The concentration of a molecule inside the cell is 0.4 g/mL. Outside, the
concentration is 0.28 g/mL. The membrane is impermeable to this molecule, but
there is a channel protein.
FD – Out - .34 g/mL
e. The concentration of a molecule inside the cell is 23 g/mL. Outside, the
concentration is 30 g/mL. The membrane is impermeable to this molecule.
O – Out – 26.5 g/mL
Name: _______________________________
Date: ____________
9. Complete the following chart on osmosis:
Type of
Where is the
What will happen to
Solution
concentration higher? the cell?
Hypotonic
INSIDE
SWELL
Hypertonic
OUTSIDE
SHRINK
SAME
SAME
Isotonic
Draw a picture of the cell in this
type of solution.
10. List the 3 types of Active Transport we discussed in class.
Protein pumps, Endocytosis, Exocytosis
11. What is the difference in Passive Transport and Active Transport?
Active Transport requires energy from the cell.
Active transport moves molecules against the conc. gradient. (low to high)
CELL CYCLE
1. Describe the 4 steps of the cell cycle. Draw a diagram that shows them in order.
2. What happens during G0?
- The cell does its job.
3. G1, S, and G2 all together can be called _____Interphase_________________.
4. List and describe the 5 stages of mitosis.
-
Prophase – nuclear membrane breaks down, spindles form, chromosomes form
-
Metaphase – chromosomes line up in the middle
-
Anaphase – chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindles
-
Telophase – chromosomes arrive at poles, new nuclear membranes form, spindle
breaks down
-
Cytokinesis – cytoplasm pinches in and completely divides into 2 new cells.
Name: _______________________________
Date: ____________
5. Draw a picture of a cell as it goes through the whole cell cycle (including the individual
steps of mitosis). Start with a brand new cell just out of mitosis and end with 2 new
daughter cells at the end of mitosis.
Name: _______________________________
Date: ____________
6. In what type of cells does meiosis occur?
Gametes – reproductive cells
7. List the steps of meiosis. Draw a diagram of a cell in each phase.
8. Identify the 3 major checkpoints of the cell cycle and describe what is being checked for at
each:
G1 – big enough to go on to S
G2 – DNA copied correctly; big enough to go on to M
M – chromosomes attached to spindles (at end of metaphase)
9. What 2 proteins are responsible for doing this job?
CDK and Cyclin
10. What happens if the cell does not control the cell cycle? – cancer