Download DNA replication is molecular mechanism of

GUIDED READING - Ch. 11 - Section 3 & 4
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DNA replication is molecular mechanism of inheritance [1].
1. What is the purpose of DNA Replication?
2. Describe how DNA replicates by using a template.
3. a. What is the enzyme DNA Polymerase used for?
b. How often does DNA Polymerase make errors?
4. Prokaryotes have one circular chromosome. Here, DNA replication begins at just one site.
Eukaryotes, however, have multiple separate linear chromosomes. DNA replication begins at multiple
sites along the length of each chromosome. What do we call the position(s) on the chromosome(s)
where DNA replication begin(s)?
5. The illustration below shows the process by which one molecule of DNA is duplicated during DNA
replication. Using one or more arrows, indicate the Origins of Replication in the parental DNA in the
figure shown below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6. Describe in detail the steps of DNA replication.
7. a. When does DNA replicated occur?
b. Let’s see if you remember specific: What is the name of the cell cycle interphase sub-phase during
which DNA replication occurs?
A gene provides the information for making a specific protein [1].
8. To review, what do we mean when we talk about an organism’s genotype?
9. To review, what do we mean when we talk about an organism’s phenotype?
10. What roles do DNA (genes) and proteins play in determining genotype and phenotype?
11. What is a polypeptide exactly? Please thoroughly review section 5.4 of your textbook before
answering this question in full detail (copying what it says in section 11.4 is not a full answer).
12. a. What was the organism used in the research done by George Beadle and Edward Tatum?
b. Describe Beadle and Tatum’s research.
c. How did Beadle and Tatum’s research result in the “one gene-one enzyme” hypothesis?
d. We have learnt a lot more about genes since the research done by Beadle and Tatum. Today their
“one gene-one enzyme” hypothesis has been changed into the more accurate
“one gene-one _____________________.”
13. How is genetic information stored in a DNA molecule?
14. Which molecule completes the flow of information from DNA to protein? [1]
15. RNA is another type of nucleic acid just like DNA is. What do the letters RNA stand for?
16. List three ways in which RNA differs from DNA.
1.
2.
3.
17. What happens during the process of transcription?
18. What happens to the RNA molecule that is made when a gene in the DNA (on a chromosome) is
transcribed?
19. What happens during the process of translation?
20. a. What is a codon?
b. What is a codon in RNA translated into?
21. How did Marshall Nirenberg determine that the RNA codon UUU translates into the amino acid
Phenylalanine (Phe).
22. There exist a total of 20 amino acids that our bodies use to make polypeptides with. Remember a
protein is made up of one or more than one _____________________. Today we know that there are
____ codons, but only _____ code for amino acids. An amino acid may be coded for by more than one
codon, but a single codon cannot code for more than one amino acid. The remaining three codons
that do not code for an amino acid are called the ______________ codons.
23. Which codons code for the animo acid Tyrosine (abbreviated as Tyr)?
24. Which amino acid is coded for by the RNA sequence CUA?
25. What do we mean by “the universal nature of the genetic code”?
[1] Campbell, Heyden, Williamson. 2006. Biology: Exploring Life. Prentice Hall: Boston, MA.