Download 普通生物學 - 高雄師範大學生物科技系

國立高雄師範大學九十四學年度碩士班招生考試試題
系所別：生物科技系
科
目：普通生物學（共 4 頁，第 1 頁）
一、單選題（每 題 2%， 共 50%）
1. The "beads on a string" level of DNA packing refers to
a. nucleosomes.
b. histones.
c. chromosomes.
d. helical fibers. e. 200 nm supercoils.
2. Gene therapy involves
a. replacing defective human genes with the correct human gene.
b. adding genes to plants to make them pesticide resistant.
c. making "pharm" animals that secrete drugs.
d. adding genes to bacteria so they can digest toxic waste.
e. sequencing the human genome.
3. Why, of all cell types, do embryonic stem (ES) cells have greatest potential for use in the treatment of
disease?
a. They are impervious to carcinogens.
b. They are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to differentiate into all of the different specialized
cells of the body.
c. They are larger and thus easier to work with than other cells.
d. They are the most highly differentiated of all cell types.
e. It is adult stem cells, not embryonic stem cells, that have the greatest potential for the treatment of
disease.
4. Chromatids form _____.
a. during G1
d. at the start of mitosis
b. during G2
e. at the start of meiosis
c. during the S phase
5. Alternative RNA splicing refers to
a. splicing different exons out of different RNA transcripts.
b. removing different numbers of introns from different RNA transcripts.
c. adding a cap to one end of the messenger RNA.
d. adding a tail to one end of the messenger RNA.
e. combining two or more messenger RNAs into one RNA molecule.
6. The function of the cell cycle is to produce daughter cells that _____.
a. are genetically identical to the parent cell (assuming no mutation has occurred)
b. have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell but not the same genetic content
c. have a random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes
d. have the same number of chromatids as the parent cell had chromosomes
e. none of the above
7. The process by which cells become specialized is called __________.
a. nuclear transplantation
b. signal transduction
c. divergence
d. differentiation
e. alternate RNA splicing
共 4 頁，第 1 頁
國立高雄師範大學九十四學年度碩士班招生考試試題
系所別：生物科技系
科
目：普通生物學（共 4 頁，第 2 頁）
8. Mitosis and meiosis differ in several ways. Meiosis, but not mitosis, _____.
a. results in four (rather than two) daughter cells
b. introduces genetic variation among daughter cells
c. changes the chromosome number of the daughter cells
d. involves two bouts of cell division
e. is correctly described by all of these statements
9. In a particular species of mammal, black hair (B) is dominant to green hair (b), and red eyes (R) are
dominant to white eyes (r). When a BbRr individual is mated with a bbrr individual, offspring are
produced in a ratio of 5 black hair and red eyes : 5 green hair and white eyes : 1 black hair and white eyes :
1 green hair and red eyes. Which of these explanations accounts for this ratio?
a. Green-haired individuals have a higher prenatal mortality than black-haired individuals.
b. The genes for hair color and the genes for eye color are carried on different chromosomes.
c. The expected results did not take genetic recombination into account.
d. The genes for both of these traits are carried on the autosomes.
e. The genes for hair color and eye color are linked.
10. The crossover percentage between two different genes is _____.
a. dependent on the sex of the parent
b. greater as the distance between the two genes increases
c. greater as the distance between the two genes decreases
d. dependent on whether dominant or recessive alleles are carried by the two genes
e. equal to the size of the chromosome
11. If hair color, eye color, and the presence or absence of freckles were consistently inherited together, the
best explanation would be that _____.
a. these traits are recessive characteristics
b. both parents have the same hair color, eye color, and freckles
c. the genes for these traits are linked on the same chromosome
d. gene duplications have occurred
e. these traits are dominant to others
12. In a testcross, the unknown individual is always crossed with a(n) _____.
a. homozygous recessive individual
b. heterozygous individual
c. homozygous dominant individual
d. unknown genotype
e. none of these
13. A woman with type O blood is expecting a child. Her husband is type A. Both the woman's father and her
husband's father had type B blood. What is the probability that the child will have type O blood?
a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
e. 0%
共 4 頁，第 2 頁
國立高雄師範大學九十四學年度碩士班招生考試試題
系所別：生物科技系
科
目：普通生物學（共 4 頁，第 3 頁）
14. Huntington's disease is an example of a genetic disorder caused by _____.
a. a late-acting lethal dominant allele
b. a nonlethal dominant allele
c. a late-acting recessive allele
d. homozygous recessive alleles
e. multiple alleles
15. John and Jane are planning a family, but since each has a brother who has sickle-cell disease, they are
concerned that their children may develop sickle-cell disease. Neither John, Jane, nor their respective
parents have the disease. They consult a genetic counselor who tells them that _____.
a. there is no chance that any of their children will have sickle-cell disease
b. all of their children will have sickle-cell disease
c. one of four of their children can be expected to have sickle-cell disease
d. it's possible that none of their children will have the disease, but blood tests on them both will be
required to make sure
e. it is impossible to tell whether their children will have the disease
16. What is a proto-oncogene?
a. It is a gene that codes for growth factors that regulate the rate of cell division.
b. It is an inherited gene that will usually cause cancer.
c. It is a gene found in one-celled protozoans.
d. It is a gene that causes abnormal cell division.
e. It is a type of gene found only in viruses.
17. Which of these genes inhibit cell division?
a. homeotic genes
b. proto-oncogenes
d. tumor-suppressor gene
e. repressors
c. operon genes
18. Scientists wished to create an organism capable of breaking down several kinds of toxic wastes, so they
combined genes from several species of bacteria to create a single superbacterium. They probably did
NOT need to use which of the following?
a. nucleic acid probes b. reverse transcriptase c. plasmids d. restriction enzymes e. DNA ligase
19. Usually, in eukaryotic genes _____.
a. exons are not transcribed
b. introns are not transcribed
c. exons are transcribed, but the RNA transcribed from introns does not leave the nucleus
d. both introns and exons are transcribed, but the RNA transcribed from them does not leave the nucleus
e. exons and introns are transcribed, and the RNA transcribed from them leaves the nucleus
20. DNA fingerprints used as evidence in a murder trial look something like supermarket bar codes. The
pattern of bars in a DNA fingerprint shows _____.
a. the order of bases in a particular gene
b. the presence of various-size fragments of DNA
c. the presence of dominant or recessive alleles for particular traits
d. the order of genes along particular chromosomes
e. the exact location of a specific gene in a genomic library
共 4 頁，第 3 頁
國立高雄師範大學九十四學年度碩士班招生考試試題
系所別：生物科技系
科
目：普通生物學（共 4 頁，第 4 頁）
21. Which of the following would be considered a transgenic organism?
a. a bacterium that has received genes via conjugation
b. a human given a corrected human blood-clotting gene
c. a fern grown in cell culture from a single fern root cell
d. a rat with rabbit hemoglobin genes
e. a human treated with insulin produced by E. coli bacteria
22. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is damaging because it ____________.
a. prevents DNA transcription
b. prevents DNA translation
c. causes mutations in the DNA
d. deactivates the enzymes needed for DNA replication
e. inhibits protein synthesis
23. The phage reproductive cycle that kills the bacterial host cell is a _____ cycle.
a. lytic
b. replicative
c. lysogenic
d. transcriptional
e. translational
24. How do retroviruses such as HIV differ from other viruses?
a. They have much simpler reproductive cycles than other RNA viruses.
b. They contain DNA that is used as a template to make RNA.
c. They can reproduce only inside living cells.
d. They contain nucleic acids that code for proteins.
e. They contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
25. Copies of cloned genes are stored in a(n) _____.
a. gene bank
b. plasmid c. eukaryotic cell
d. supermarket
e. gene library
二、解釋名詞（每題 5%，共 30%）
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
cAMP
Telomerase
Genome
Bottleneck effect
Histone
Allopatric speciation
三 、 問 答 題 （每題 10%，共 20%）
1.請寫出生物晶片原理及其應用範圍，並舉例說明。
2.京都議定書，日前許多國家均簽署此項合約，此議定書為何受到高度重視，請就 [生物學] 觀點加
以討論此合約之重要性。
共 4 頁，第 4 頁