* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download interaction: the nervous and endocrine systems
Survey
Document related concepts
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Synaptogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Endocannabinoid system wikipedia , lookup
Neurotransmitter wikipedia , lookup
Expert system wikipedia , lookup
Biological neuron model wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Axon guidance wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Microneurography wikipedia , lookup
Psychoneuroimmunology wikipedia , lookup
Neuroethology wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
Incomplete Nature wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems INTERACTION: THENERVOUSAND ENDOCRINESYSTEMS Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems • • • • • • • • • • Theinterac+onprocess Theneuron Electricsignals Thecentralnervoussystem(CNS)(I) Thecentralnervoussystem(CNS)(II) Theperipheralnervoussystem Theautonomicnervoussystem Theendocrinesystem Thenervousandendocrinesystems Healthyhabits.Diseasesofthenervous andendocrinesystems ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 2 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems THEINTERACTIONPROCESS ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 3 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems Interac(onincludesaseriesofprocesseswhoseobjec+vesare: • Toadaptthebodytochangingcondi+ons,intheinternalaswellasexternal environment. • Toconnectandcoordinatethedifferentpartsofourbodysothattheywork together. Theseobjec+vesarecarriedoutbytwosystems:thenervousandendocrinesystems. STIMULUS RECEPTOR nerveimpulse NERVOUSSYSTEM RESPONSE EFFECTOR MUSCLE LOCOMOTORSYSTEM ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. GLAND ENDOCRINESYSTEM 4 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems THENEURON ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 5 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems Neuronsarethemostspecialisedcellsinthebody.Theircapacityforreproduc+on isverylimited.Theyaremadeupofacellbody,whichissimilartoallother cells,andhastwokindsoflongextensions:dendritesandaxonsorneurites. Cellbody:thiscontainsthe nucleusandotherorganelles, andisfilledwith cytoplasm. Axon:thisisalongextensionthatis madeupofcytoplasmandcarries nerveimpulsesfromthecellbodyto anotherneuronorcell. Dendrites:theseareshort, branchedextensionsofthe cellbodythatreceivenerve impulsesfromotherneurons. ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 6 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems ELECTRICSIGNALS ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 7 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems Neuronshaveauniqueability:theygenerateandtransmitnerveimpulses.When aneuroniss+mulated,someelectricalchangesoriginateinthemembraneand thesetransmittheelectricsignalfromthedendritestowardstheaxon. Neuronsarenotisolated.Theyworkwithoneanothertoestablishconnec+ons calledsynapses. vesicles mitochondria cellbody offirst neuron nerve impulse synap+c cleL impulseon cellbodyof thedendrite adjacentneuron axon synapse dendrites axon ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. dendrite 8 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems THECENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM(CNS)(I) ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 9 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems Itismadeupofnervecentres,whichare responsibleforintegra+nginforma+onreceived, coordina+ngitandpreparingaresponse. Thespine,acordofnerve+ssuethatruns throughthespinalcanal. skull spine Thebrain,thepartofthenervoussystemthat isinsidetheskull.Itisdividedintofour sec+ons:thespinalbulb,thebrainsstem,the cerebellumandthecerebrum. ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 10 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems THECENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM(CNS)(II) ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 11 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems ependyma brainstem leLcerebral hemisphere hypothalamus pituitary gland spinal bulb dorsalhorn (sensorynerves) dorsal ventral root root grey maMer ventral dorsal root root dorsalhorn(motor neurons) white maMer skull spinalcord cerebrum meninges cerebellum spinalcord sympathe+ctrunks ventralroot dorsalroot spinalnerve communica+ng branch vertebra ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. sympathe+c trunkganglia 12 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems THEPERIPHERALNERVOUSSYSTEM ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 13 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems Theperipheralnervoussystemconnectsallofthereceptorsandeffectorsinthebodytothe nervecentre.Theperipheralnervoussystemisdividedinto: • Thesoma(cnervoussystem,whichconnectsthesensoryreceptorsofthesensoryorgans tothecentralnervoussystemandthistotheskeletalmuscle.Itreceivesinforma+onfrom externals+muli.Italsotransmitssignalsforvoluntarymusclecontrac+ons. • Theautonomicnervoussystemrregulatesandcontrolsinvoluntarybodyfunc+ons.is dividedintotwoparts:thesympathe(cnervoussystemandtheparasympathe(cnervous system. op(c(vision) abducens (eyemovement) trigeminal(facial sensa+onsandjaw movement) auditory(hearing andbalance) vagus(diges+on, respira+on andcircula+on) hypoglossal(tongue movement) ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. olfactory(smell) oculomotor (eyemovement) dorsalrootganglion dorsalroot trochlear (eyemovement) sensory neuron facial(tasteand facialexpression) glossopharyngeal (tasteandsensa+ons inthethroat) spinalaccessory (neckanddorsalmuscles) ventralroot spinalnerve motor neuron 14 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems THEAUTONOMICNERVOUS SYSTEM ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 15 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems Theparasympathe+cnervoussystemprovokesrelaxa+onandtheorgansworkmoreslowly andlessintensely. Thesympathe+cnervoussystemcontrolsmostofthebody’sorganssothattheyworkmore effec+velyunderstress. dilatespupils cervicalspinal nerves inhibits saliva+on s+mulates saliva+on accelerates theheart rate slowstheheartrate dilatesthebronchi s+mulatesproduc+on ofglucose thoracic spinal lower lumbar spinalnerves inhibitsstomach ac+vity s+mulatesurinerelease slowsdown diges+onprocess relaxesbladder muscles ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. controlspupils s+mulates ejacula+on contractsthebronchi s+mulates thegallbladder s+mulatesstomachac+vity inhibitsurinerelease speedsupdiges+onprocess contractsbladdermuscles s+mulateserec+ons 16 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems THEENDOCRINESYSTEM ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 17 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems Theendocrine systemismadeupof acoordinatedgroup ofglandscalledthe endocrineglands. Theyarecalled endocrine(endo meansinternal) becausethey releasehormones directlyintothe bloodstream. ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. Pituitarygland Posteriorlobe An+diure+c(ADH) Oxytocin Anteriorlobe S+mula+nghormones Growthhormone Pancreas Insulin Glucagon Tes(cles Androgens Thyroidgland Thyrosine Parathyroid glands Parathyroid hormone Adrenalglands Adrenaline Cor+costeroids Aldosterone Ovaries Estrogens Progesterone 18 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems NERVOUSANDENDOCRINE SYSTEMS ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 19 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems Nervoussystem Endocrinesystem Conductor(s) nerves Circulatorysystem Response fast veryspecific shortin+me slow notveryspecific prolongued ac+onsthatrequirean immediateresponse ac+onsthatdevelopduring aperiodof+me nerveimpulses hormones Coordina+on How ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 20 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems HEALTHYHABITS.DISEASESOFTHE NERVOUSANDENDOCRINESYSTEMS ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 21 Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems Tokeepthenervoussystemhealthy,weshouldfollowtheserecommenda+ons: • • • • • Leadanorderlylife. Donotconsumeanytypeofdrugs. Performintellectualandmentalexercisesregularly. TrytoeatfoodsrichinvitaminB1,B3andphosphorous. Avoidstress. Endocrinesystemdiseases Othersl(vemdiseases Degenera+vas Alzheimer Parkinson’sdisease Mul+plesclerosis ALS Mentales Otras Schizophrenia Infec+ousdiseases Neurosis Epilepsy Depression Narcolepsy ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. Diabetes Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Dwarfism Gian+sm Addison'sdisease Cushing'ssyndrome 22