Download cell powerpoint

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Large amounts of
stored information
Ability to catalyze
biochemical
reactions
Efficient storage of
usable chemical
energy
Tendency to make
cell membranes
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Smallest unit of life, Discovered by Robert
Hooke 1665
Cell Theory:
1. All living things have cells
2. Cell is the basic unit of life
3. Cells only come from
preexisting cells
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Variety of sizes
Nerve cells shaped like fingers
Most cells are round in shape
Some cells change shape, white blood cells
The shape of a cell depends on the cell
membrane and it’s
function
Cells are microscopic for the most
part
 Some can be as large as 6ft in giant
algae
 The cell size is limited by the surface
area of the cell membrane
 A cell can only grow so large then it
will burst
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Organelles: structures in a cell that perform a
specific function
Eukaryotes: these are cells with membranebound organelles and a nucleus
Prokaryotes: these are cells that do not have
membrane-bound
organelles or a
nucleus
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Cell wall and
nucleus
Cell wall and
chloroplast
Cell membrane
and nucleus
Cell membrane
and cytoplasm
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It is selectively permeable: only certain things
may pass through
Forms a bilayer: 2 layers
of lipids like a sandwich
1. Maintains the shape
of the cell and
2.protects it
Fats and proteins are
embedded in the
phosholipid bilayer
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Phospholipids: have two ends on them that
keep water and nutrients inside
Form a bond that is difficult to break
These lipids are vital to the cell’s survival
Acts like a floating layer, constantly changing
shape
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Do 3 things:
1. Hold the membrane together
2. Allow for channels to be made in the
membrane
3. Act as receptors for hormones and other
compounds
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Model of the cell membrane that shows it’s
“dynamic ability”, how it is more like a liquid
than a solid
The patterns of lipids and proteins are always
changing
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Controls the cell’s functions
Houses the DNA
Nuclelous: small part inside the nucleus
where the ribosomes are made
Takes energy in food and turns it into chemical
energy for the cell to use
Has folds called “cristae”: increase surface area
and creates more ATP
Found more in muscle cells than any other
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Skin cell
Fat cell
Blood cell
Muscle cell
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Most numerous organelle
Found in all cells, prokaryote and eukaryote
“Synthesize” ( make) proteins
Found in cytoplasm and in rough ER
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Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
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Rough: contains ribosomes, allows proteins
to be made and to move throughout the cell
Smooth: helps to synthesize lipids and
remove toxins in liver cells
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It stores all proteins for
later use
It provides an attachment
site for larger organelles.
It aids in the production
of membrane and
secretory proteins.
It stores amino acids
required for the
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of all proteins.
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Packages and ships proteins out of the cell.
Located on or near the cell membrane
Like the post office of the cell
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Contains digestive enzymes
Breaks down materials and removes waste of
the cell
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Vacuoles: Contain digestive enzymes in
plants. Can store toxins (poison ivy)
Plastids: Contain chlorophyll so that plants
can make food from sunlight
Chlorophyll is usually a shade of green
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Long protein strands found in the cell
Provide support for the cell
Help to maintain the shape of a cell
Help in the movement of chromosomes when
the cell divides
Vital to the survival of the cell, if these
proteins die the cell will loose it’s shape and
die as well
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Assist in movement of the cell
Cilia: Hair-like extensions on the outside of
the cell membrane
Flagella: whip-like tail on the cell membrane
of cells
Sperm cells use flagella to swim towards the
egg cell
Cilia are found in lung cells to sweep out
debris
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Similar cells that are grouped together form
tissues
4 main types of tissues: muscle, nervous,
connective and epithelial.
Organs are a bunch of tissues that work
together to perform a function. Example: the
heart
Many organs working together are an organ
system: digestive system uses the stomach,
intestines, kidneys etc.
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organism