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Transcript
Name___________________________ Osmosis and Active Transport Period_____ Date_________________ <Notes #2- Cell Processes> Cells transport materials in two ways: ___________________ transport- materials move through a cell without the help of energy. Example: Diffusion and Osmosis ___________________ transport- materials require energy to move through the cell. Example: Protein carriers ____________________- the diffusion of __________ through a ______________________________ membrane. H H2O Selectively permeable membrane “Symbol” for osmosis: L _________________________- when molecules of a substance are evenly spread out. When water moves INTO a cell…it causes the cell to __________. In PLANTS…the _________________ of a plant keeps the cell from bursting. When the cell membrane and cytoplasm are pressed against the cell wall, the cell becomes __________. The “filled” state of a plant is called ____________. In ANIMALS…the cells could _____________ if too much water enters the cell. Many animal cells (especially one-celled animals) have special structures to ________________ excess water. When water moves OUT OF a cell…it causes the cell to ________________. ______________________- shrinkage of a cell due to the loss of water. If enough cells shrink or plasmolyze…the organism will ______ !! ============================================================= Osmosis “Problems”You must first decide… where the high and low concentrations are of ______________. ***Remember…if something is added to water it ____________ the concentration of water!!!! Pure H2O = _______% water H2O + 32% salt = _____% water You are stranded in the m iddle of the ocean. Should you drink the salt w ater? W hat w ould happen to your cells? The high concentration of water is in the ______________ because you are adding _________ to the bloodstream. The low concentration of water is in the ___________________. W hy does w atering a plant w ith salt w ater k ill the plant? The high concentration of water is in the ______________ because you are adding _______________________ to the soil. The low concentration of water is in the __________. 5. Why does putting sugar on fruit help to preserve the fruit from bacteria? The bacteria _______ water by osmosis!!!!!!!!! ____________________________-using ENERGY to move molecules across cell membranes. “AT” is used to: 1. To move ___________ molecules through a cell membrane. “______________________________” (Transport proteins) – use energy to help move large molecules quickly through a cell membrane. 2. To move from an area of low concentration to high concentration (this is opposite to diffusion!) Plant root cells will take in _______________ from the soil even though there is a high concentration of minerals already in the root cells. The “symbol” for this type of active transport is: Substances that are too large to pass through the cell membrane by either active or passive transport may move by: ______________________- packages of the materials (such as wastes in the vacuoles or proteins packaged by the Golgi Bodies) fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents. _____________________-a part of the cell membrane folds inward surrounding the material in a sac or vacuole. L Energy H