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DNA and RNA Learn about DNA, RNA and nucleic acids Quick Facts about Nucleic Acids If you're taking general chemistry, organic, or biochemistry, you'll need to understand some basic concepts about nucleic acids, the polymers used to code the genetic information of organisms. Here are some quick nucleic acid facts to get you started: Nucleic acids are the molecules that code the genetic information of organisms. The two nucleic acids used in repair, reproduction and protein synthesis are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA, shown) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA and RNA are polymers made up of monomers called nucleotides. A DNA molecule is a double helix made up of two strands of polymers that are complementary to each other, but not identical. Hydrogen bonding holds the base pairs of the two strands together. RNA is used to direct the production of proteins by the cell. Know the Differences between DNA and RNA DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, while RNA is ribonucleic acid. Although DNA and RNA both carry genetic information, there are quite a few differences between them. This is a comparison of the differences between DNA versus RNA, including a quick summary and a detailed table of the differences. Summary of Differences between DNA and RNA DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. The only difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has one more –OH group than deoxyribose, which has –H attached to the second (2’) carbon in the ring. DNA is a double stranded molecule while RNA is a single stranded molecule. DNA is stable under alkaline conditions while RNA is not stable. DNA and RNA perform different functjions in humans. DNA is responsible for storing and transferring genetic information while RNA directly codes for amino acids and as acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes to make proteins. Carries genetic information Genetic messenger Functional vehicle DNA and RNA base pairing is slightly different, since DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. Uracil differs from thymine in that it lacks a methyl group on its ring DNA basepairing RNA basepairing