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The cumulative test will only cover information from the second semester (Units 6 through 10 and the notes on body
systems) – your 2nd semester workbook. This includes DNA, Biotechnology, Genetics, Evolution, Plants, Ecology,
Mammals, Human Evolution, and Body Systems. Study the chapters in the book: 3, 4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 32,
37, & 38 (some chapters were covered more in depth than others); your old quizzes and tests; your notes; and the
chapter reading guides.
Match the scientist with the correct statement.
1. __ Found the proportion of Adenine to be equal to that of Thymine,
and the proportion of Cytosine to be equal to that of Guanine.
__ Proposed the Theory of Natural Selection.
__ The father of modern genetics.
__ Disproved the theory of spontaneous generation with his
experiment involving flies and sealed jars.
__ Known for his theory of Use and Disuse.
__ Conducted work in x-ray crystallography and the structure of DNA.
__ Proposed that DNA consisted of a double-helical structure.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Gregor Mendel
Rosalind Franklin
Watson and Crick
Charles Darwin
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Francisco Redi
Erwin Chargaff
Unit 6: DNA
2. What does DNA stand for?
3. List the 4 base pairs found in DNA.
4. DNA is copied during a process called _______________________.
5. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with
the bases
----------------------------6. Which bases are the purines?
7. Which bases are the pyrimidines?
8. Label the following molecule.
C
G
____________
_________
(name of structure)
(the letter)
T
_______
(the letter)
Look at your old
tests and quizzes!
__________
(the letter)
C
C
____________
(3 Part Structure)
9. What makes up the rungs of the ladder and what holds them together?
10. What does RNA stand for?
11. How would the following strand of DNA TACCCCTTAATT be transcribed into mRNA?
_________________
12. Define the following terms:
tRNA-
mRNA-
Transcription-
Translation-
Mutagen-
Codon-
13. Use your codon chart to identify the following amino acid:
AUG ____________
GGG_________________
CGU_________________
14. List the stop codons: __________________________________________
Unit 7: Genetics
15. List all possible phenotypes for the following cross: (G=Green, g=Yellow)
Gg x Gg
16. Human blood types demonstrate codominance. List the four human blood types with the possible genotypes:
Blood Types:
Genotypes:
17. What would be an example of incomplete dominance?
18. How many chromosomes does a human have in each cell? _____
19.
20. ___
___
___
___
___
___
___
Complete (shade where necessary) the pedigree for a
sex-linked trait in which the P1 male has the trait and
the P1 female is a carrier. If you cannot tell the
phenotype of the individual, label it with a ?.
Tay-Sachs
Cystic Fibrosis
Hemophilia
Turner’s Syndrome
Phenylketonuria
Cri-du-Chat
Down Syndrome
A. Inability of blood to clot
B. Deletion on chromosome #5
C. In ability to break down a specific amino
acid at birth
D. Trisomy on chromosome #21
E. Fatal, neurological disease;
accumulation of lipids in the brain.
F. Severe mucous accumulation in lungs.
G. Also known as XO
21. What is the difference between autosomal and sex-linked traits/disorders?
22. Fill in the genotypes and phenotypes for the following traits:
Green seeds are
dominant.
Yellow seeds are
recessive.
Use G and g
Genotype
Phenotype
Heterozygous
Homozygous recessive
Homozygous dominant
23. What are Mendel’s 3 Laws?
1.
2.
3.
24. What is nondisjunction? _______________________________________________________________
25. What is the following diagram called? ___________________
26. Is the person in the previous diagram suffering from any obvious chromosomal disorder? ______
27. What is the gender of the above individual? ________________
Unit 8: Evolution
28. Assume the isotope below has a half-life of 4.5 billion years.
4.5 billion
years
10g uranium
0g lead
4.5 billion
years
b. ____ g uranium
c. ____ g uranium
____ g lead
____ g lead
29. What are the 5 principles to Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection?
There is ______________________within populations.
Some variations are ____________________ because they help the organism survive.
In each generation, only a few ________________ long enough to reproduce.
The organisms that survive and ________________________ are the ones with the _________________
variations.
The population ____________________ as the frequency of the variations change.
30. What are the 4 requirements that must be met for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
1.
2.
3.
4.
31. How are convergent evolution and analogous structures related?
32. Using the example of how giraffes got their long necks, compare Lamarck and Darwin.
Unit 9: Plants & Ecology
33. Plants that reproduce with seeds are divided into two main groups. What are they?
34. Is the flower below dicot or monocot?
35. List some of the characteristics of Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
36. Label the different layers on the leaf diagram:
1
2
3
5
4
37. Define the following terms:
Bryophyte
Tracheaphyte
Xylem
Phloem
Perfect Flower
Imperfect Flower
38. Label the bold arrows on the flower below:
Pollen
Stamen
Anther
Filament
Pistil
Stigma
Style
Ovary-
Ovule-
Petal-
Sepal-
39.List the 7 major biomes found on the Earth (according to your book)
40. What is primary succession?
41. How is a food chain different from a food web?
42. List 3 abiotic factors found in an ecosystem:
43. Give an example of a producer: _____________
44. Give an example of a primary consumer: ________________
45. Give an example of a secondary consumer: _________________
46. What are 2 characteristics all mammals have in common? _______ and _________________________.
Unit 10: Mammals & Human Evolution
47. What are the 3 types of mammals? 1.______________ 2.______________ 3. ____________________
48. Classify humans from Kingdom all the way to species: ________________________________________
49. What is the scientific name for Lucy? ____________________
50. Define the following:
Homo habilisHomo erectusCro-Magnon-
Neanderthal-
Australopithecus afarensis-
Ardepithecus-
Half-life-
Homologous Structures-
Analogous structures-
Vestigial Structures-
51. What is mtDNA?
Label the blocks in the chart using
the following:
Alright brain
... its all up to
you
0
0.5
Millions
of Years
Ago
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
52. Label the parts of the digestive system and heart below:
53. Define the following:
Arteries –
Veins –
Aorta –
Capillaries –
Alvoeli –
54. What are the 2 functions of the excretory system?
Australopithecus afarensis
Homo neanderthalensis
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens
Homo habilis
55. Match the structure with the function
___ Stomach
___ Pancreas
___ Liver
___ Duodenum
___ Large Intestine
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Moves food via peristalsis
The first part of the Small Intestine
Produces pepsin
Stores Glycogen
Water Absorption
Regulates flow of bile
Produces both insulin and glucagon
___ Gall Bladder
___ Esophagus
56. The trachea splits into 2 __________, which further branch into smaller ____________ finally ending in little sacs
called _____________.
57. The excretory system starts with the kidneys which each connect to a ___________, which both feed into the
urinary __________, which finally ends at the _______________.