* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapter 5 Section 2
Survey
Document related concepts
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Chapter 5 Section 2 Functions and Interactions of cell parts. Cell Types • Most cells have organelles. • Cells with an organelle called a _________ are called ___________________. – Plant cells, animal cells, protist cells, fungi cells Cells that do not have a nucleus are ___________. - bacteria Contain one type of organelle that synthesizes proteins. Everything else takes place in the _____________________. Eukaryote Cell Organelles • Most Cells are eukaroytes. 1. Ribosomes – organelle where ____________ are made from amino acids. - Composed of ________ and ____________. Some float freely - ________________________. These are used in chemical reactions in the cytoplasm Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes Most common organelle Ribosome/Endoplasmic Reticulum Organelles Continued 2. In eukaryote cells some ribosomes are attached to another organelle called the ______________________________ or ER. The ER is a network of interconnected, flattened, or tube-like structures that end in blind alleys. When ribosomes are attached it is called _____________ due to the bumpy appearance. ER • Proteins made on rough ER enter channels in the ER and are transported to other parts of the cell. • ER without ribosomes is _____________ ER. • In human liver cells, enzymes located in membranes of smooth ER break down harmful substances. • Other proteins serve as enzymes to produce _______________. • Rough and smooth are sometimes connected. More organelles 3. ______________________ - close to the ER - flattened, slightly curved sacs - more disklike and __________ than ER. Proteins are released from the ER in a _______. It then fuses with the golgi body and releases the protein. Acts as a post office. Golgi Bodies Each vesicle contains a protein with a different function. - cell function - Interaction of the ER and Golgi bodies and ribosomes show how various cell parts work together and that the ____________ are interchangable. Even more organelles 4. ___________________ - powerhouse of the cell. Provides energy needed by the cell. Breaks down organic materials to release __________. The energy is then used to __________ other molecules that release ___________ needed for cell _______________. The more energy needed the more __________ Largest of the organelles. Double membranes – inner membrane is highly __________ - more ________________ witch means more reactions and more _______ released. Another organnelle 5. __________________ - control area of eukaryote cells “brain” - double membrane - inside is a dense material called __________ -composed of individual chromosomes - contain ___________, ______________ The DNA in the nucleus controls all activity in the cell. More about the nucleus • The DNA codes the RNA and the RNA can then move into the cytoplasm to act as a ___________________. • The RNA and other proteins use ________ and other transport proteins to move in and out of the nucleus. • DNA must be copied before the cell reproduces. Nucleus Inside the nucleus • One or more prominent bodies are visible in the nuclei. These are called _______________. • Made of chromosome parts that consist of multiple copies of DNA that codes for the RNA present in ribosomes • Needed to make the ribosomes each new cell needs. Still more organelles 6. Plastids -some _________ and ___________ - some store lipids and starches - some contain pigment - most common is the ___________________ - contains ___________________ And more…….. 7. Lysosomes - vesicles formed from _____________________ - contain digestive enzymes - mostly in animal or animal – like cells - what would happen if one breaks open? And……… 8. Vacuoles - storage, ___________ filled 9. Cytoskeleton - long thin structures that give __________ and _________ to the cell - framework One structure of the cytoskeleton is a ____________. Actin and myosin, movement Guess what now…… 10. Microtubules - road way for certain organelles, vesicles and mitochondria 11. Centrioles – reproduction 12. Cilia and Flagella - motion - flexible projections that extend outward from the cell