Download Protein Synthesis Study Questions

Protein Synthesis Study Questions
Chapter 8
GENERAL INFORMATION: NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEINS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is the monomer of nucleic acids? What are they composed of?
What are 2 differences between the monomers of RNA and DNA?
What are proteins made of?
What determines the function of a protein?
What type of bond holds amino acids together in a protein?
Describe the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins.
STAGES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
7. Describe the 3 steps involved in making RNA.
8. What is the name of the process that makes RNA?
9. Describe the 3 steps involved in RNA processing.
10. What is the purpose of RNA processing?
11. Describe the 3 steps involved in using RNA to make proteins.
12. What is the name of the process that makes proteins?
13. What happens at the A site?
14. What happens at the P site?
15. What happens at the E site?
RNA
16. Name the 3 types of RNA.
17. Which RNA is a copy of one strand of DNA?
18. Which RNA makes the translation site?
19. Which RNA becomes charged in the cytoplasm?
20. Which RNA contains an anticodon?
21. Which RNA determines the amino acid sequence?
22. Which RNA makes the A, P, and E sites?
23. Which RNA carries amino acids to be assembled into a protein?
24. Which RNA is broken down after the protein is made?
25. Draw a charged tRNA with the anticodon CCA.
26. List all mRNA codons that do not have corresponding tRNA anticodons. Why is this?
MUTATIONS
27. Which type of mutation does not show any effects?
28. Which type of mutation occurs when one or more bases are changed?
29. Which two mutations result in a different amino acid sequence?
30. Which mutation results in an incomplete protein?
31. Which mutation is caused by an addition or deletion of a base?
32. How do mutations affect protein synthesis?
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
33. If the sequence on one strand of DNA is TAG, what is the sequence on the other strand of
DNA?
34. If the mRNA sequence is AUC, what is the tRNA anticodon?
35. If the tRNA anticodon is UCG, which amino acid will it carry?
36. If the DNA sequence is GAT, what is the mRNA sequence?
37. If the DNA sequence is TAC, what is the tRNA anticodon?
38. If the amino acid is lysine, write all possible tRNA anticodons.
39. If the mRNA sequence is GAU, what is the DNA sequence is came from?
40.If the tRNA anticodon is CAU, what is the mRNA codon it will attach to?
Answers to Protein Synthesis Study Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
nucleotides; 5 carbon sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
RNA has ribose sugar and uracil base; DNA has deoxyribose sugar and thymine base
amino acids
sequence of amino acids
peptide bonds
DNA makes RNA, RNA makes proteins
7. a) Initiation- RNA polymerase attaches to DNA promoter region, unwinding it.
b) Elongation- RNA polymerase adds complimentary RNA bases
c) Termination- RNA polymerase reaches DNA terminator region, releasing RNA
8. transcription
9. a) poly-adenine tail added to help mRNA leave nucleus
b) methyl-guanine cap added to help mRNA attach to ribosome
c) splicing removes introns (segments that don’t code for correct amino acid)
10. modify RNA for efficient function
11. a) Initiation- ribosome attaches to mRNA at start codon
b) Elongation- charged tRNAs bring amino acids to ribosome
c) Termination- ribosome reaches stop codon and releases protein and RNA
12. translation
13. charged tRNA brings in amino acid
14. protein is held and released
15. uncharged tRNA exits
16. messenger, ribosomal, transfer
17. mRNA
18. rRNA
19. tRNA
20. tRNA
21. mRNA
22. rRNA
23. tRNA
24. all
25. check your drawing with me
26. UAA, UAG, UGA- they are no tRNA anticodons for stop codons
27. point silent
28. point
29. point missense
30. point nonsense
31. frameshift
32. they change the mRNA sequence, which changes the type of protein made
33. ATC
34. UAG
35. serine
36. CUA
37. UAC
38. UUU, UUC
39. CTA
40. GUA