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6/05/12 “Classes” MAJOR BIOCHEMICALS INTERCONNECTEDNESS REDUCE – REUSE – RECYCLE Review Chapter 5! • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids Carbohydates • • • • • • • Chemical Energy storage molecules Short (monomer, dimers) to Very long (polymers) Sugars (Saccharides) Starches Glucose Cellulose C, O, H • • • • • • • Carbon, Oxygen & Hydrogen 1:2:1 proportions Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides Starch & Glycogen Linear & Rings 1 6/05/12 2 6/05/12 Chitin • • • • • • Structural polysaccharide Leathery and flexible Hardened with calcium carbonate Exoskeleton Arthropods: Insects, spiders, crustaceans Lipids • • • • • • • • Hydrophobic Molecules Fats, Oils, Waxes Saturated, Unsaturated Fatty acids, Phosolipids, Steroids Trans fats Cholesterol Glycerol Efficient Energy Storage 3 6/05/12 4 6/05/12 Proteins & Amino Acids • • • • • • • Amino acids (“AA”) Polypeptides Primary Structure Secondary Structure Tertiary Structure Quaternary Structure Catalysts, enzymes, hormones, structural, defensive, transport, receptor, storage, contractile & motor functions Primary Structure • The linear sequence of amino acids 5 6/05/12 DNA Nucleic Acids • • • • • • • Hereditary information Storage and transmission DNA, RNA Nucleotides Pyrimidines, Purines Deoxyribose, ribose Antiparallel double helix • • • • • • Deoxyribonucleic acid Stores genetic information Codons Introns Antiparallel double helix Watson, Crick, Franklin & Wilkins 6 6/05/12 RNA’s • mRNA • tRNA • rRNA 7 6/05/12 mRNA • messenger RNA • transfer of codon from DNA in nucleus to ribosome • “photocopy of template” tRNA • • • • transfer RNA brings amino acid (AA) to ribosome Different tRNA’s for each AA How many? rRNA • ribosomal RNA • Structural • All RNA’s support protein sythesis 8
