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Transcript
TEACHER COPY DO NOT REMOVE FROM ROOM 123 Cells The Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things All cells are produced from other cells Cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function. Inside of cells there are smaller structures called organelles. Organelles carry out specific functions inside of your cells Animal Cell Cell Membrane All cells have cell membranes The cell membrane forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment There are tiny openings in the cell membrane called pores to allow substances into or out of the cell The cell membranes job is to allow substances into or out of the cell Nucleus The nucleus is a large, oval structure The nucleus of a cell is the control center of the cell, it directs all the cell’s activities. Nickname: The brain Parts of the Nucleus Nuclear membrane Protects the nucleus Materials pass into and out of the nucleus through a small openings called pores Chromatin Contain the genetic information of the cell Nucleolus Where ribosomes are made Cytoplasm The cytoplasm is the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus The cytoplasm is a clear, thick, gel-like fluid The fluid is constantly moving There are many organelles found in the cytoplasm Do you remember what an organelle is? Mitochondria Rod shaped structures Nickname: The power house They produce most of the energy the cell needs to carry out its functions For example: muscle cells that are very active have large numbers of mitochrondria Endoplasmic reticulum Also in the cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) could be described as a maze of passage ways The job of the ER is to carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another Two types of ER Rough ER – with ribosomes on the outside Smooth ER – without ribosomes Ribosomes Attached to the outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum Can also be found floating in the cytoplasm Ribosomes function as factories to make proteins Proteins will move from the ER to the Golgi bodies Golgi Bodies (Golgi apparatus) Structures that look like flattened sacs and tubes Nickname: Mailroom Receive proteins from the Endoplasmic reticulum, package them and send them to other parts of the cell Golgi can also send proteins outside of the cell Vacuoles Large, round, water filled sac floating in the cytoplasm Vacuoles are the storage area of the cell They are often used to store food and other materials needed for the cell They can also store wastes Lysosomes Small round structures that contain chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones Can break down old cell parts so they can be used again Nickname: Cleanup crew The cell All of the structures we just talked about are found in animal cells Cell Membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi bodies Vacuoles (many small vacuoles) Lysosomes Structures only in plant Cells However, plant cells contain some additional structures One large vacuole instead of many smaller ones Cell wall Chloroplasts Plant Cell Cell Cell Wall Outside of the cell membrane Only found in plants Cell wall is a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the plants Job: to help protect and support the cell Materials can pass through the cell wall such as water and oxygen Chloroplasts Only found in plants Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell This process is called photosynthesis Give plants their green color With a nucleus or without Eukaryotic Cells that have a nucleus Such as plant and animal cells Prokaryotic Cells that do not have a nucleus Such as bacteria