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Cell Organization
Chapter 2, Section 4
Vocabulary
 Prokaryotic: cell without membrane around DNA
 Eukaryotic:cell with membrane around DNA
 Semi-permeable: controls what enters and leaves
 Organelle: working part of a cell
 Enzyme: help break down chemicals and food (speed up digestion)
 Prokaryotic cells
Two basic types of cells
 No membrane around DNA
 Simplest type of cell
 Bacteria
 Pond Scum
 Eukaryotic Cells
 Nucleus surrounded by a membrane
 More complex type of cell
 Plants
 Animals
Cell Organelles
 Cells work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
 Cell Organelle: working parts of the cell.
Cell Organelles
 Cell Membrane
 JOB: protective skin of the cell
Boundary: keeps things inside (and outside)
 Food and water
 Wastes leave
enter
 Double layer of fats with proteins
 Semi permeable: controls what enters and leaves
 Cytoplasm
 JOB: jelly-like substance that contains all organelles
Constantly moves around the organelles
 Nucleus
 JOB: Cell command center
 Tells
the cell
 What to do
 How to do it
 When to do it
 Contains DNA
 Surrounded by a protective layer called the nuclear membrane.
 Mitochondria
 JOB: breaks down food to release energy.
Powerhouse of cell
 Which cells might have lots of mitochondria?
 Ribosomes
 JOB: makes proteins for the cell
Most numerous organelle in the cell
Some attached to E.R.
 Which cells might have the most ribosomes?
 Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
 JOB: Transports proteins and other material throughout the cell
Like a conveyor belt in a factory
Folded membrane
Two types:
 Rough  Smooth
has ribosomes
- no ribosomes
 Golgi Bodies
 JOB: Packages proteins for release
Stack of sacs
Move some materials out of the cell.
Why?
 Lysosome
 JOB: digests food and breaks down other things
Sacs full of enzymes
 Enzymes:
help break down chemicals and food (speed up digestion)
Suicide Sacs: break open and digest cell when its dies.
 What type of cell may contain many lysosomes?
 Vacuole
 JOB: Storage sacs
Hold food, water, and wastes
Larger in plant cells
 Plant cells have
Plant Cells vs Animal Cells
 Cell walls: made of cellulose
 Not a living organelle
 Supports the plant cell
 Chloroplasts
 Produce food for
 Contain plastids
 Plastids:
the cell (sugar)
give plants color
make leaves green, used for photosynthesis
 Chlorophyll:
Bacterial Cells
 Bacteria cells are
 Prokaryotic: no membrane around the nucleus
 Has a cell wall
Not made of cellulose
 One chromosome
Not found in nucleus
 Cells
 Are all cells the same size and shape?
 Cells are shaped differently to perform different functions.
Look at figure 2-21 on page 52