Download Eukaryotic Cell Organelles

Name _____________________________________________ Class _______________ Date _______________
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles
ORGANELLE
Cell Membrane
ORGANELLE
Cytoplasm
STRUCTURE (DESCRIPTION)
• Outermost living layer
• Flexible and elastic barrier that
surrounds the cell
• Made of a lipid bilayer (double
layer)
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FUNCTION (JOB)
Separates and encloses the cell from its
environment
Protection and support
Communication
Controls what goes in and out of the
cell (AKA gate of the cell)—selectively
permeable or semi-permeable.
Passive transport vs. active transport
Peripheral vs. Integral proteins
STRUCTURE (DESCRIPTION)
• Jellylike, clear, aqueous (80%) substance
that fills the cell.
• It contains all organelles, H2O, dissolved
gasses, (O2 and CO2), salts, organic
molecules, enzymes, and cytoskeleton.
FUNCTION (JOB)
• Responsible for the cell’s internal
transport (cytoplasmic streaming)
Ribosomes
• Small, spherical, non-membrane-bounded,
structures made primary of nucleic acid
RNA and protein
• Most numerous organelles
• Can be found floating in the cytoplasm or
embedded in the RER.
• They are made in the nucleolus.
• Site of protein synthesis (protein
factories of the cell)—It gets its
instructions from the DNA of the
cell.
Nucleolus
• Small, dark area located inside the nucleus
• Synthesis (or creation) of
ribosomes.
Cilia & Flagella
• Cilia (Lat. cilium, eyelash, hair) and flagella
(Lat. flagello, whip) are hair like projections
that can move either in an undulating
fashion, like a whip, or stiffly, like an oar.
• They provide cells with
locomotion (food and predators).
• Examples: A paramecium has
cilia, while a sperm cell has a
flagellum.
See pages 10, 11, and 27 of
your textbook.
Name __________________________________________________ Class __________ Date _______________
Microvilli
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11
Centrosome
10
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Name __________________________________________________ Class __________ Date _______________
ORGANELLE
Nucleus
STRUCTURE (DESCRIPTION)
• Large, oval structure that controls
and regulates cell activities
• Double membrane; nuclear
envelope.
• Nuclear pores allow movement of
molecules in an out of nucleus
through the cell membrane.
FUNCTION (JOB)
• Directs the synthesis of proteins that
regulate most of the chemical processes
that take place inside the cell.
• Transmit hereditary information
contained in NDA
• DNA never leaves the nucleus
• The nucleus directs cell’s reproduction
ORGANELLE
Mitochondria
Mitos «thread»
Chondrion
«grain»
STRUCTURE (DESCRIPTION)
• Large, rod-shaped organelles, with
two membranes; one of which is
folded to form cristae.
• Mitochondria contain their own
circular mtDNA and ribosomes.
• They can grow, divide and give rise
to others independently of the cell.
FUNCTION (JOB)
• Known as the “powerhouse” of the cell.
• Food molecules are broken down in the
presence of oxygen to release energy.
• Energy is stored in ATP. This conversion
of food energy to ATP is known as
cellular respiration.
ORGANELLE
Lysosomes
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STRUCTURE (DESCRIPTION)
Discovered by Rene de Duve in 1950.
Small, round structure (vesicle) produced in
the Golgi complex that are found floating in
the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells
Common in animals, fungi, and protists
Rare in plants
Contain potent hydrolytic digestive and
destructive enzymes
Known as the “clean up crew” or “recycling
center”
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FUNCTION (JOB)
Break down large food
molecules
Digest old, worn-out organelles
and debris
Digest old or injured cells; selfdestruct mechanism
Protect the cell against invaders
(self-defense mechanism)
ORGANELLE
Cytoskeleton
STRUCTURE (DESCRIPTION)
• Protein fibers that extend through the
cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
FUNCTION (JOB)
• They act as framework to give
shape to the cell and enable
structure within it, or the entire
cells to move.
ORGANELLE
Vacuole
STRUCTURE (DESCRIPTION)
• Large, round, water-filled sac that has a
single membrane around it and it floats in
the cytoplasm (vesicle).
• Lager in plant cell; known as the “storage
tank” of the cell (water, enzymes, nutrients,
water).
FUNCTION (JOB)
• Keeps plant cells firm and
supports its shape; plants may
wilt when the central vacuole
loses water
Name __________________________________________________ Class __________ Date _______________
Plant Cell
Name __________________________________________________ Class __________ Date _______________
ORGANELLE
Endosplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
STRUCTURE (DESCRIPTION)
• Network of clear membranes and
sacs that forms and intracellular
highway that spreads from the
nucleus through the cytoplasm.
• SER lacks ribosomes
• RER has ribosomes on its outer
surface—make protein.
FUNCTION (JOB)
• Synthesizes and transport proteins,
steroids, lipids and other materials
throughout the cell needed by the cell or
for export.
• The amount of ER depends on the cell’s
job.
ORGANELLE
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Body
Golgi Complex
Golgi
STRUCTURE (DESCRIPTION)
• Italian anatomist and microscopist
Camillo Golgi in 1898
• Flattened membranes or sacs that
works closely with RER
FUNCTION (JOB)
• Collects, processes, modifies packages
and secretes protein for “export”
ORGANELLE
Chloroplast
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ORGANELLE
Cell Wall
STRUCTURE (DESCRIPTION)
Contain pigments that capture solar
energy—mainly chlorophyll.
Found in both plant and algae cells
Larger than mitochondria
Provide energy for the cell
Double membrane
Own circular DNA
Own ribosomes
Reproduces by itself
FUNCTION (JOB)
• Takes solar energy to convert into
chemical energy for storage, e.g.,
glucose and ATP.
• Site of photosynthesis
STRUCTURE (DESCRIPTION)
• Strong, rigid, nonliving layer found outside the cell
membrane of archaea, bacteria, fungi, plants, and algae.
• Made of cellulose (50% of wood)
• It has openings called plasmodesmata
ORGANELLE
STRUCTURE (DESCRIPTION)
Chromosomes
• Thick, rod-shape, objects made of chromatin
(Chroma, «color»,
and protein
soma, «body»)
• Found in floating in the nucleoplasm
• Clearly visible only when the cell is dividing
• Made of nucleic acids—store information
needed for protein synthesis
FUNCTION (JOB)
• It protects and
support the cell
FUNCTION (JOB)
• Direct cell activities, including
growth and reproduction
• Pass on traits of the cell to the
new daughter cells