Download January 11, 2017 Class Presentation

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CRITICAL WRITING:
Write 2 to 3 complete
sentences stating
what new information
you learned about
cells yesterday
Group Discussion
• Share with your group
what you wrote for
your Admit Ticket
Group Discussion
• As a group figure out
the answer to the Exit
Ticket
Exit Ticket
AIM
S
PRA
CTI
CE
http://tusdstats.tusd1.org/planning/resources/aims_samples/grade8/sci_1_g8.pdf
DUE 01/12/17
CLASSWORK:
Animal Cell
Coloring Worksheet
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Agenda Item
DUE 01/12/17
CLASSWORK:
Plant Cell Coloring
Worksheet
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Agenda Item
DUE 01/13/17
CLASSWORK:
Binder Test
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Agenda Item
DUE 01/17/17
HOMEWORK:
Student Weekly
Grade Tracking #20
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Agenda Item
Cells-AHistoryof
Discovery
Introduction
To Cells
*
All living things are made
up of cells that have
similar basic structures.
Discovery of Cells
• Microscope observations of organisms led to the
discovery of the basic characteristics common to living
things.
• Robert Hooke – English Scientist in 1665:
- Looked at slices of cork at 30x their normal
size.
- The small boxes reminded him of small rooms
where monks lived, so he called them “cells.”
• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek – Dutch
Scientist in 1675:
- Used a more powerful microscope to
magnify objects 300x
- The first to observe single-celled organisms
in pond water that he named “animalcules.”
- The “Father of Microscopy”
Leeuwenhoek’sAnimalcules
RobertBrown
• English Scientist 1830
• Built an improved
microscope
• Used it to observe
cells he had stained
with various reagents.
• First to observe the
nucleus of cells.
RobertBrown’sMicroscopeandCells
withaNucleus
• Matthias Schleiden – German Botonist
in 1838: Studied hundreds of plants.
* Concluded that cells make up every part
of a plant and that all plants are made of cells.
• Theodor Schwann – German Zoologist
in 1839: Studied hundreds of animals.
Discovered that all animals are made up of
cells
• Rudolph Virchow – German Physician
in 1858: Looked at cells dividing.
* Proposed that cells come only from preexisting cells.
The Cell Theory
The observations of Schleiden, Schwann,
and Virchow formed the Cell Theory
which states:
1. All living things are made up of one or
more cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in organisms.
3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Basic Cell Facts:
• A cell’s shape reflects its function
• There are at least 200 types
• The human body is made up of about 100
trillion cells
hair cells
skin cells
2 Basic Cell Types
1. Prokaryotes: “pro”=before, “karyo”= nucleus
- Single-celled organisms (ex. bacteria)
- Have no nucleus or other membrane-bound
organelles
- For millions of years, these were the only
organisms on earth
2.
Eukaryotes: “eu”=true; “karyo” = nucleus
* Have a membrane–bound nucleus that
encloses the DNA
* Contains membrane-bound organelles
with specific functions.
Cell Structure & Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest
unit that is capable
of performing life
functions.
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
• Do not have
structures
surrounded by
membranes
• Few internal
structures
• One-celled
organisms, Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Animal
“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
Cell Parts
Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell
that controls movement
in and out of the cell
• Double layer
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell Wall
• Most commonly found
in plant cells &
bacteria
• Supports & protects
cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Inside the Cell
Nucleus
• Directs cell activities
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear
membrane
• Contains genetic material - DNA
Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds nucleus
• Made of two layers
• Openings allow
material to enter and
leave nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chromosomes
• In nucleus
• Made of DNA
• Contain instructions
for traits &
characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus
• Contains RNA to build
proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Moves materials around in
cell
• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in
surface
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Ribosomes
• Each cell contains
thousands
• Make proteins
• Found on ribosomes &
floating throughout the
cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Mitochondria
• Produces energy through
chemical reactions –
breaking down fats &
carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and
other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Golgi Bodies
• Protein 'packaging
plant'
• Move materials within
the cell
• Move materials out of
the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Lysosome
• Digestive 'plant' for
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
• Transports undigested
material to cell
membrane for removal
• Cell breaks down if
lysosome explodes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound
sacs for storage,
digestion, and waste
removal
• Contains water
solution
• Help plants maintain
shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chloroplast
• Usually found in plant
cells
• Contains green
chlorophyll
• Where photosynthesis
takes place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
HAVE A
WONDERFUL
DAY!
http://media1.nordiclifescience.org/2014/08/dna-structure.jpg