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Admit Ticket CRITICAL WRITING: Write 2 to 3 complete sentences stating what new information you learned about cells yesterday Group Discussion • Share with your group what you wrote for your Admit Ticket Group Discussion • As a group figure out the answer to the Exit Ticket Exit Ticket AIM S PRA CTI CE http://tusdstats.tusd1.org/planning/resources/aims_samples/grade8/sci_1_g8.pdf DUE 01/12/17 CLASSWORK: Animal Cell Coloring Worksheet http://www.powerpointhintergrund.com/uploads/new-year-ppt-background-8.jpg Agenda Item DUE 01/12/17 CLASSWORK: Plant Cell Coloring Worksheet http://www.powerpointhintergrund.com/uploads/new-year-ppt-background-8.jpg Agenda Item DUE 01/13/17 CLASSWORK: Binder Test http://www.powerpointhintergrund.com/uploads/new-year-ppt-background-8.jpg Agenda Item DUE 01/17/17 HOMEWORK: Student Weekly Grade Tracking #20 http://www.powerpointhintergrund.com/uploads/new-year-ppt-background-8.jpg Agenda Item Cells-AHistoryof Discovery Introduction To Cells * All living things are made up of cells that have similar basic structures. Discovery of Cells • Microscope observations of organisms led to the discovery of the basic characteristics common to living things. • Robert Hooke – English Scientist in 1665: - Looked at slices of cork at 30x their normal size. - The small boxes reminded him of small rooms where monks lived, so he called them “cells.” • Anton Van Leeuwenhoek – Dutch Scientist in 1675: - Used a more powerful microscope to magnify objects 300x - The first to observe single-celled organisms in pond water that he named “animalcules.” - The “Father of Microscopy” Leeuwenhoek’sAnimalcules RobertBrown • English Scientist 1830 • Built an improved microscope • Used it to observe cells he had stained with various reagents. • First to observe the nucleus of cells. RobertBrown’sMicroscopeandCells withaNucleus • Matthias Schleiden – German Botonist in 1838: Studied hundreds of plants. * Concluded that cells make up every part of a plant and that all plants are made of cells. • Theodor Schwann – German Zoologist in 1839: Studied hundreds of animals. Discovered that all animals are made up of cells • Rudolph Virchow – German Physician in 1858: Looked at cells dividing. * Proposed that cells come only from preexisting cells. The Cell Theory The observations of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow formed the Cell Theory which states: 1. All living things are made up of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. 3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells. Basic Cell Facts: • A cell’s shape reflects its function • There are at least 200 types • The human body is made up of about 100 trillion cells hair cells skin cells 2 Basic Cell Types 1. Prokaryotes: “pro”=before, “karyo”= nucleus - Single-celled organisms (ex. bacteria) - Have no nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles - For millions of years, these were the only organisms on earth 2. Eukaryotes: “eu”=true; “karyo” = nucleus * Have a membrane–bound nucleus that encloses the DNA * Contains membrane-bound organelles with specific functions. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Two Types of Cells •Prokaryotic •Eukaryotic Prokaryotic • Do not have structures surrounded by membranes • Few internal structures • One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html Eukaryotic • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • Most living organisms Plant http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html Animal “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif “Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif Cell Parts Organelles Surrounding the Cell Cell Membrane • Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell • Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html Cell Wall • Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria • Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html Inside the Cell Nucleus • Directs cell activities • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane • Contains genetic material - DNA Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html Chromosomes • In nucleus • Made of DNA • Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html Cytoplasm • Gel-like mixture • Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains hereditary material Endoplasmic Reticulum • Moves materials around in cell • Smooth type: lacks ribosomes • Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html Ribosomes • Each cell contains thousands • Make proteins • Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html Mitochondria • Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates • Controls level of water and other materials in cell • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html Golgi Bodies • Protein 'packaging plant' • Move materials within the cell • Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html Lysosome • Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal • Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html Vacuoles • Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal • Contains water solution • Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html Chloroplast • Usually found in plant cells • Contains green chlorophyll • Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html HAVE A WONDERFUL DAY! http://media1.nordiclifescience.org/2014/08/dna-structure.jpg