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Cells
S7L2: Students will describe the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs,
and organ systems.
b. Relate cell structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts,
and mitochondria) to basic cell functions.
c. Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into
systems, and systems into organisms.
Must Know Vocab
Cell
My clue to remember
Definition
The basic unit of structure and
function in all living things.
Cell Theory
Developed by Hooke, van
Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann
and Virchow-describes the
relationship between cells and living
things.
Prokaryote
An cell that does not contain a
nucleus. Example: bacteria.
Eukaryote
An cell that does contain a nucleus
and membrane-bound organelles.
Example: plant, animal, fungi and
protest cells
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid; a nucleic
acid that contains all of the
instructions for living things.
Chromatin
It is genetic material found in a cell’s
nucleus. Unwound chromosomes.
Chromosomes
Dense, DNA-containing structures in
the nucleus of a cell. Humans have
23 pairs of chromosomes which
contain all of their DNA
Organelle
“Tiny organ”-the tiny structures
found within cells that carry out
specific functions (jobs) within the
cells.
Must Know Vocab
My picture Clue
Definition
Nucleus
The control center of the cell; found
near the center of the cell it
contains all of the DNA and directs
all of the cell’s activities.
Nucleolus
A tiny dark structure inside the
nucleus (nucleolus means “tiny
nucleus”) responsible for making
ribosomes.
Cell wall
A rigid outer covering made of
cellulose (like the stringy stuff in
celery) that protects plant, fungi
and some protest cells.
Cell membrane
Flexible membrane that surrounds
all cells. In cells that have a cell wall
it is just inside the cell wall. In other
cells it is the outermost covering.
Mitochondria
The mitochondria are responsible for
cellular respiration; taking in sugar
and turning it into energy the cell
can use.
Chloroplast
The chloroplast is found only in
autotrophic cells that use sunlight to
make sugar. The green pigment
chlorophyll absorbs energy from
sunlight, and the chloroplast uses
that energy to make sugar fro m
carbon dioxide and water.
Chlorophyll
Green pigment that absorbs energy
from sunlight and causes plants to
look green.
Should Know Vocab
My Picture Clue
Definition
Golgi Bodies
A series of flattened sac-like
membranes that are responsible for
packaging materials and sending
them to other parts of the cell or
outside of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A series of tubes in the cell that
transports proteins and other
materials around the cell.
Ribosome
A tiny structure that makes proteins.
It can be found attached to the ER
or free in the cytoplasm.
Protein
One of the four basic chemical
building blocks of cells; proteins are
what make up most structures in cells
and also make up enzymes.
Vacuole
A storage area in the cell. Some
store food, some store water. In
plants there is a large central
vacuole that stores water.
Cytoplasm
A jellylike substance that fills the cell
and all organelles are found in it.
Some chemical reactions take place
in the cytoplasm.
Lysosome
An organelle that cleans up the cell
by digesting old cell parts, bacteria,
and other things that need to be
broken down into smaller pieces.
Waste
Materials that the cell can not use.
The lysosome sends them out of the
cell to be excreted.
Should Know Vocab
My Picture Clue
Definition
Nutrients
The vitamins and minerals that our
cells need from food. The useful
substances in our food.
Enzymes
A special type of protein that speeds
up chemical reactions and is
involved in digestion of food.
Plant Cell
Eukaryotic cells that make up plants;
they include a cell wall, chloroplasts
and a large central vacuole.
Animal Cell
Eukaryotic cells that make up
animals. They have the cell
membrane as their outside barrier
and lack the cell wall and
chloroplasts that a plant cell
contains.
A prokaryotic cell that lacks the
membrane-bound organelles that
you find in plant and animal cells.
Bacterial Cell
Learning Targets:
1. I can distinguish living things from non-living things.
2. I can explain the relationship between the structures and
functions of cell organelles.
3. I can establish how each part of the cell is essential to
survival.
4. I can compare and contrast plant, animal and bacterial cells.
Cell Processes
a. Explain that cells take in nutrients in order to grow and divide and
to make needed materials.
b. Relate cell structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm,
chloroplasts, and mitochondria) to basic cell functions.
c. Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs,
organs into systems, and systems into organisms.
Must Know Vocab
Active transport
Passive transport
Diffusion
Engulfing
Transport Protein/Carrier
Protein
Facilitated Transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Selectively Permeable
Osmosis
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
concentration
Definition
My clue to remember
Must-Know Vocab
Definition
My Clue to Remember
Solute
Solvent
Mitosis
Meiosis
Nitrogen cycle
Homeostasis
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
Nitrogen cycle
Learning Targets:
1. I can describe how cells take in nutrients in order to grow and divide and to
make needed materials.
2. I can explain the relationship between the structures and functions of cell organelles.
3. I can investigate how cells maintain homeostasis in changing environments.
4. I can discuss how cells are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems to make up an
organism.
5. I can determine how cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems work together to fulfill an
organism's need for oxygen, food, and waste removal.