Download CELL PARTS

CELL PARTS
Pages 74, 77-85, 87-90
The Parts of the Cell
Organelles
--Structure within a cell that performs a
certain function
Organelles Found in Both Animal
and Plant Cells
1. The Nucleus
--Controls the cell
--Where DNA is found
--Surrounded by a nuclear
envelope/membrane
2. The Nucleolus
--Site where DNA is
concentrated to make
ribosomal RNA
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
--Has two parts
--Rough ER
•Interconnected flattened sacs
•Makes phospholipids
and
proteins, moves supplies around
cell
•Studded with ribosomes
•Smooth ER
•Lacks ribosomes
•Builds lipids, moves supplies
around cell
FIGURE 4.10A
4. Golgi Apparatus
--Flattened stacks of
membranes
--Sorts, packages, labels,
and modifies proteins
and lipids from ER
--Releases molecules in
vesicles
5. Cytoskeleton
--Has many structures
--Network of tubes and filaments
--Gives the cell structure and support
Ex: Cilia and Flagella (aid in movement)
6. Ribosomes
--Located on the rough ER
and cytoplasm
--Site of protein synthesis
--Ribosomes are made by
the nucleolus
7. Peroxisomes
-- Break down alcohol
--Neutralize free radicals
8. Vacuole
-- Mainly storage (water and sugar)
9. Mitochondria
--Converts sugar into cellular energy (ATP)
--Contains its own DNA
--singular is “mitochondrion”
--“power house” of the cell
FIGURE 4.17
Organelles Found ONLY in Plant
Cells
10. Chloroplast
--Converts light energy
to carbohydrates
--Has stacks of
thylakoids
--Has its own DNA
11. Central Vacuole
--Stores water, waste
products, and nutrients
--Maintains hydrostatic
pressure
12. Cell Wall
--Lies outside the plasma
membrane
--Contains cellulose
--Gives structure and
support
Organelles Found ONLY in Animal
Cells
13. Centrioles
--Aid in cellular division
14. Lysosomes
--vesicles used to digest
--recycle old cell parts and kills
bacteria
--contain degrading enzymes
(to "lyse" means to dissolve)
TAY-SACHS disease – missing an enzyme of
the lysosomes that breaks down a fatty
substance. Over time this fat builds up in the
brain and nervous tissue, smothering the
cells. Results in degeneration and death.