Download NOTES 3.2: CELL PARTS

Science Starter #2 – 10/11/16
•What are four components
that ALL cells share?
NOTES 3.2:
CELL PARTS
Chapter 4 pages 77-90
The Parts of the Cell
Organelles
--Structure within a cell that performs a
certain function
Organelles Found in Both Animal
and Plant Cells
1. The Nucleus
--Controls the cell
--Surrounded by a nuclear
envelope/membrane
2. The Nucleolus
--Site where DNA is
concentrated within
nucleus
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Intracellular pathway moving
molecules from one side of cell to the
other.
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Has two parts
•Moves supplies around cell
•Rough ER
•Interconnected flattened sacs
•Makes phospholipids and
proteins
•Studded with ribosomes
• Many in protein producing
(digestive gland)
•Smooth ER
•Lacks ribosomes
•Builds lipids (hormones)
•Regulates calcium
cells
FIGURE 4.10A
4. Golgi Apparatus
--flattened stacks of
membranes
--Sorts, packages, labels,
and modifies proteins
and lipids from ER
--releases molecules in
vesicles
5. Cytoskeleton
•Has many structures
•Network of tubes and filaments
•Gives the cell structure and support
Ex: Cilia and Flagella (aid in movement)
6. Ribosomes
--Located on the rough ER
and cytoplasm
--Site of protein synthesis
--Ribosomes are made by
the nucleolus
7. Peroxisomes
-- break down alcohol
--neutralize free radicals
8. Vacuole
-- mainly storage (water and sugar)
9. Mitochondria
•converts sugar into cellular energy (ATP)
•Contains its own DNA
--support for Endosymbiosis Theory
--singular is "mitochondrion”
--”power house” of the cell
FIGURE 4.17
Organelles Found ONLY in Plant
Cells
10. Chloroplast
--Converts light energy
to carbohydrates
--Has stacks of thylakoids
--has its own DNA
11. Central Vacuole
--stores water, waste
products, and nutrients
--maintains hydrostatic
pressure
12. Cell Wall
•Lies outside the plasma
membrane
•Contains cellulose
•Gives structure and
support
Organelles Found ONLY in Animal
Cells
13. Centrioles
•Aid in cellular division
•Two centrioles =
centrosome
14. Lysosomes
--vesicles used to digest
--recycle old cell parts and
kills bacteria
--contain degrading enzymes
(to "lyse" means to dissolve)
TAY-SACHS disease – missing an enzyme of
the lysosomes that breaks down a fatty
substance. Over time this fat builds up in the
brain and nervous tissue, smothering the
cells. Results in degeneration and death.