Download Cell Organelles

7.12D Differentiate between structure and function in plant
and animal cell organelles, including cell membrane, cell wall,
nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast, and vacuole
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Structure: Flexible Membrane with small
holes, Surrounds cells (outside layer for animal
cells, just inside cell wall for plants)
•
Function: Controls what goes in and out of
cell (transports material) & Holds in cytoplasm
•
Analogy: It is like the bright orange flexible
fencing around construction sites because it
protects the work site while still allowing
things to go through.
•
Structure: are free in the cytoplasm and
often attached to the membrane of the
endoplasmic reticulum.
•
Function: Protein production for the Cell
•
Analogy: a factory that makes proteins
 Structure:
Gel-like fluid made mostly of
water
The material inside the membrane
 Function:
• Holds organelles
• keeps cell flexible
• maintains shape of cell
 Analogy:
It is like the water in a swimming
pool because all the stuff that happens in the
pool happens in the water. The water supports
the swimmer like cytoplasm supports
organelles
 Structure: Bean
inside
shape with many layers
 Function:
Transforms energy (from nutrients
and Oxygen) for cells to use
 Analogy: Mitochondria act like a power plant
because they both transform other materials
to make energy.
 Structure: Large
and round, will usually be
located towards the middle of the cell.
Membrane bound (eukaryotic)
 Function: Contains
genetic material (DNA),
controls cellular activities
 Analogy: The nucleus is like the brain of a
human because the brain controls the actions
of the body like the nucleus controls the cell.
 Structure: Flat, folded
around the nucleus
membrane, usually
 Function:
Makes proteins for the cell.
Internal delivery system.
 Analogy: ER is like a factory that produces
goods and ships what they have made.
 Rough
ER – is involved in some protein production,
protein folding, quality control and dispatch. It is called
‘rough’ because it is studded with ribosomes
 Smooth ER - storage and metabolism of
carbohydrates, synthesis and transport of lipids
 Structure: Stacked
membranes
 Function: Packages
and delivers materials
made from ER. In plants, the Golgi made cell
wall material.
 Analogy: Golgi bodies are like FedEx because
they package and ship materials around and
out of cell.
 Structure: small
and round, usually more
found in animal cells. Can move within cells.
 Function: Digestion
of cellular waste.
Recycles old cell material to make new
molecules.
 Analogy: Lysosomes are like your digestive
system because both can break apart larger
materials to make new molecules.
 Structure: small
and round in animal cells,
usually a single large bag-like structure in
plants
 Function: stores
water and nutrients, aids(helps)
in cellular digestion. In plants it works with the
cell wall for cell support (turgor pressure).
 Analogy: A
canteen is like a vacuole because
both are used to store water.
 Structure: green, bean
plant cells
shaped – found only in
 Function: contains
chlorophyll that makes
photosynthesis possible
 Analogy: Kitchens are like chloroplast
because both make “food” for organisms.
 Structure: rigid
material that forms the outer
layer of plant cells.
 Function: gives
plant cells support and
protects cell’s interior.
 Analogy: Walls of a building are like a cell wall
because both are used for support.