Download Chapter 6 Review Terms: Somatic Cell, Game - District 196 e

Name:_________________________________ Hour:_______ Chapter 6 Review Terms: Somatic Cell, Gamete, Homologous Chromosome, Autosome, Sex Chromosome, Sexual Reproduction, Fertilization, Diplod, Haploid, Meiosis, Gametogenesis, Sperm, Egg, Trait, Genetics, Purebred, Cross, Law of Segregation, Gene, Allele, Homozygous, Heterozygous, Genome, Genotype, Phenotypes, Dominant, Recessive, Punnett Square, Monohybrid Cross, Testcross, Dihybrid Cross, Law of Independent Assortment, Probability, Crossing Over, Genetic Linkage 1. Which pair of sex chromosomes makes a person male: XX or XY? 2. Which cells in a multicellular organism undergo meiosis? 3. What is the final product of meiosis? a. identical diploid cells b. identical haploid cells c. unique diploid cells d. unique haploid cells 4. In pea plants, the allele for tall stems, T, is dominant to the allele for short stems, t. Draw and fill in a Punnett square that shows the cross of a heterozygous plant, Tt, with a homozygous dominant plant, TT. 5. List all the possible genotypes of the offspring from your Punnett square in question 4. Next to each genotype write the corresponding phenotype—short stems or tall stems. 6. What part of meiosis is responsible for Mendel’s law of segregation? a. DNA condensing into tightly packaged chromosomes b. homologous chromosomes crossing over c. alleles assorting independently into gametes d. homologous pairs of chromosomes separating into different gametes 7. Which human cells are haploid? 8. Explain in words or with drawings how the processes of fertilization and crossing over contribute to genetic diversity. Chapter 7 Review Terms: Carrier, Sex-­‐linked Gene, X Chromosome Inactivation, Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, Polygenic Trait, Linkage, Pedigree, Karyotype 1. A certain disorder is recessive and sex-­‐linked. Circle all of the geno-­‐ types of people who have the disorder. XRXr XrXr XRY XrY 2. A certain disorder is recessive and autosomal. Circle all of the geno-­‐ types of people who have the disorder. RR Rr rr 3. Explain how the expression of genes on sex chromosomes differs from the expression of genes on autosomal chromosomes. 4. If two genes are linked, what does that mean about their physical loca-­‐ tion on chromosomes? 5. Which of the following shows the genotype for a normal human male? a. X b. YY c. XX d. XY 6.The frequency of a certain biological process—in which pieces of homologous chromosomes are exchanged—is used to figure out gene linkage maps. What is the name of this process? 7. It is known that two fruit fly traits are linked. One trait is determined by gene A and the other by gene B. The two traits are usually, but not always, inherited together. What is the best explanation for this observation? a. the genes are not linked b. the genes are on different chromosomes c. the genes are far enough apart for crossing over to occur d. the genes are too close for crossing over to occur 8. Some traits follow two-­‐allele dominant-­‐recessive inheritance patterns. Name at least two other genetic inheritance patterns. Chapter 8 Review Terms: Nucleotide, Double Helix, Base Pairing Rules, Replication, DNA Polymerase, Central, RNA, Transcription, RNA Polymerase, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, Translation, Codon, Stop Codon, Start Codon, Anticodon, Mutation, Point Mutation, Frameshift Mutation, Mutagen, Restriction Enzyme (Chapter 9) 1. According to the base-­‐pairing rules for DNA, which base pairs with each base listed below? A pairs with _____, C pairs with _____, G pairs with _____, and T pairs with _____ 2.What is the name of the process by which information from DNA is copied into RNA? a. replication b. transcription c. translation d. mutation 3. What is the central dogma? 4. What are two differences between DNA and RNA? 5. List three types of RNA molecules. 6. Which of the following is an example of a codon? a. AUG b. ACTG c. RNA d. DNA 7. In a multicellular organism, what accounts for the differences between different types of cells? 8. Which type of mutation will probably have a larger effect: a point mutation or a frameshift mutation? Explain your answer. 9. What is the shape of a DNA molecule?