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Genetics Evolution Unit
Lesson 2 “Genes on the Go” Summary
Most organisms are the offspring of 2 parents. They have certain features of both parents, but are not exactly alike
either parent. This is sexual reproduction. Some organisms are the offspring of only 1 parent. They reproduce by
making an exact copy of themselves. This is asexual reproduction. ( Activity 57)
Genes determine inherited traits by carrying the information that is passed from parents to offspring. These genes carry
information that each cell of an organism needs in order to grow and perform its activities. Different versions of genes
are called alleles. The specific combination of alleles is what codes for a specific trait of a characteristic. For example,
coding for the color purple in the character of flower color. (Activity 58)
Although offspring receive all of their genes from their parents in sexual reproduction, the opportunity for variation is
enormous. An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel studied the genetics of pea plants in the 1860’s. Based on the
results of his experiments with seed color and other pea traits, Mendel proposed a model for how organisms inherit
traits from their parents. (Please see Bell Work for a copy of this model.) Tossing coins is one way to model how genes
are passed from parent to offspring. The analysis questions have the examples on how to do the math. (Activity 59)
Gregor Mendel discovered the behavior of genes 40 years before scientists learned where genes are located in the cell
and almost 100 years before scientists discovered what the genes are made of. He was suited to this work because of
the many qualities he possessed. Mendel was trained as a science teacher and had studied math, botany (plants), and
plant breeding for several years. The monastery he lived in had a research garden that he used for his research on pea
plants. He made careful experiments, took detailed notes, and was very determined and patient in this long term
project. (Activity 60)
Punnett Squares are used to help predict the genotypes and phenotypes of a breeding experiment. The genotype is the
specific allele combination that a creature can have and the phenotype is the physical expression of those alleles.
Homozygous is used to describe two of the same alleles in a creature and can be either Dominant or Recessive. The
term Heterozygous is used to describe the genotype of a creature with 2 different alleles; 1 dominant and 1 recessive. (
Activity 61)
Lesson 2 “Genes on the Go” Summary
Most organisms are the offspring of 2 parents. They have certain features of both parents, but are not exactly alike
either parent. This is
. Some organisms are the offspring of only 1 parent. They reproduce by making
an
copy of themselves. This is
. (Activity 57)
Genes determine inherited traits by carrying the information that is passed from
to
.
These genes carry information that each cell of an organism needs in order to
and
its activities.
Different versions of genes are called
. The specific combination of alleles is what codes for a specific
of a characteristic. For example, coding for the color purple in the character of flower color. (Activity 58)
Although offspring receive all of their
from their parents in sexual reproduction, the opportunity for
is enormous. An Austrian monk named
studied the genetics of pea plants in the 1860’s.
Based on the results of his experiments with seed
and other pea traits, Mendel proposed a
for how organisms inherit traits from their parents. (Please see Bell Work for a copy of this model.) Tossing
coins is one way to model how genes are passed from parent to offspring. The analysis questions have the examples on
how to do the math. (Activity 59)
Gregor Mendel discovered the behavior of genes 40 years before scientists learned where genes are located in the cell
and almost 100 years before scientists discovered what the genes are made of. He was suited to this work because of
the many
he possessed. Mendel was trained as a
teacher and had studied
, botany (plants), and plant
for several years. The monastery he lived in had a
that he used for his research on pea plants. He made careful experiments, took detailed notes, and was
very determined and patient in this long term project. (Activity 60)
Punnett Squares are used to help
the genotypes and phenotypes of a breeding experiment. The
is the specific allele combination that a creature can have and the
is the physical
expression of those alleles.
is used to describe two of the same alleles in a creature and can be
either Dominant or Recessive. The term
is used to describe the genotype of a creature with 2
different alleles; 1 dominant and 1 recessive. (Activity 61)