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Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Period: ______ Biology Notes: Organelles of the Cell Directions: Fill in as we cover the topics in the PowerPoint. Corresponds to pages 73 – 79 in your textbook. Three Sections of the Cell All cells take in ________________, rid waste, and ___________________ 3 main sections: 1. Plasma ____________________ 2. Nucleus 3. ____________________ Cytoplasm ______________‐like material __________________ of the cell Most organelles __________________ within o Nucleus o __________________ o Vacuoles o Mitochondria o ___________________ o ER o Golgi body o ____________________ Job: Help dissolve _________________ & ______________ materials around Plasma Membrane AKA: _______________ membrane Composition: Bilayer of lipids & _______________ Job: Allow materials to _______________/_______________ Semi‐Permeable: only ___________________ materials may enter and exit through ______________ and protein _________________ Nucleus Job: Controls cell ____________________ Inside 1. 2. Chromatin Long strand of ___________ Holds information to make ___________________ Nucleolus: makes ____________________ Additional Information Endoplasmic Reticulum Receives ________________ from the ________________ Job: ________________ system that ________________ protein making ________________ Smooth ER: makes ___________ & breaks down _______________ (no _______________) Ribosomes Created by ______________________ Transported by the _________________ ER Job: _______________ proteins Golgi Apparatus (Body) Job: _______________, sorts, & _______________ proteins Proteins _______________ inside a protective _______________ Protein Shipment 1) Nucleolus makes _______________ 2) Ribosome _______________ through _______________ ER making _______________ 3) Golgi Body _______________ & _______________ the _______________ 4) Vesicle _______________ the _______________ from the _______________ Discuss with your neighbor: Answer the following questions. 1) Which organelle builds proteins? ________________ 2) Stores DNA? _____________________ 3) Produces ribosomes? ___________________ 4) Creates fats and breaks down toxins? ____________________ 5) Packages and releases proteins from a cell? _______________________ 6) Allows material to enter/exit a cell? ______________________ 7) Links chains of amino acids together? ________________________ Discuss with your neighbor: Place the following steps of protein creation in order from start to finish. A. Golgi body packages and exports the finished proteins in a vesicle ________ B. Ribosomes travel along the rough ER and create proteins ________ C. Nucleolus makes ribosomes ________ D. Ribosomes exit the nucleus ________ Additional Information Mitochondria Additional Information Job: Create ______ (energy molecule) in a process called cellular ___________ Endosymbiosis theory: were once ___________ living organisms that became _____________ of modern cells o Evidence: Own ______________ & ribosomes Make ________________ ___________________ Lysosome Contains digestive _____________________ Jobs: 1. Break down __________________ 2. Kill _______________________ 3. Autolysis: destroy __________________ cell Cilia & Flagella Job: ______________________ Cilia: short _____________‐like extensions (numerous) Flagella: long ____________‐like extensions (very few) Cell Wall _________________ layer of plant, fungi, & _________________ cells Job: Add _________________ for growth Made of tough ____________________ o Hard to __________________ Witnessed by Robert _________________ in 1665 Chloroplast Job: perform ________________________ Chlorophyll molecules absorb ________________ & convert _______________ and __________ into sugars Endosymbiosis theory: were once free‐________________ organisms that became parts of _______________ cells Evidence: o Own DNA and ___________________ o _____________ proteins o ___________________ Vacuole Additional Information Job: Stores food, ________________, waste, ________________ pigments Plant cells: Large _________________ vacuole Animal cells: Scattered ___________________ vacuoles Review 1) Pick an organelle…any organelle. Describe its function. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Name 7 organelles that can be found within the cytoplasm. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Describe the pathway that proteins travel from creation to exportation. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4) List various reasons to help support the theory of endosymbiosis. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5) Name two organelles that plant cells have and animal cells do not: ______________________________________________ 6) Which organelle creates ATP energy for cells? _______________________________________________________________ 7) Which organelle converts sunlight into sugar? _______________________________________________________________ 8) Which organelle creates ribosomes? _______________________________________________________________________ 9) Which organelle fuses with the cell membrane to release proteins? ______________________________________________ 10) Which molecule holds the information to make a protein? _____________________________________________________ 11) Identify the organelles in the figure below (write their name next to the letter):