Download Cell Basics

Basic Unit of
Life
It is
Cell Basics
Type
Type
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
(before the nucleus)
Characteristics
Has a nucleoid
(not a nucleus)
Very small &
simple
v
Single-celled
Examples
Examples
(true nucleus)
Characteristics
Plant Cell
Bacteria
Resemble
earliest cells
found on Earth
Very Complex
Animal
Cell
Has organelles
(little organs)
Large
Can be single- or
multi-celled
How we learned
about cells
Cell
Theory
All living things
are made of cells
Cells are the basic
unit of life
Scientist
Living cells only
come from other
living cells.
Robert
Hooke
Anton van
Leeuwenhoek
Matthias
Schleiden
Theodor
Schwann
Rudolph
Virchow
Accomplishment
Accomplishment
Accomplishment
Accomplishment
Accomplishment
Discovered
cells 1678
Improved
Microscope
1680
Plants made
of cells 1838
Animals made
of cells 1839
Cells can only
come from other
cells 1855
Discovered
microorganisms
Cell membrane
Cell Organelles
Gateway
Controller/Brain
Nucleus
Selective
Permeability
Digestion
Manufacture
Lysosome
Smooth ER
Powers Cell
Mitochondria
Provides Support
Storage
Transportation
Waste Removal
Cell Membrane
Golgi Body
Rough ER
Lysosome
Cytoplasm
Lysosome
Cytoskeleton
Smooth ER
Found only in plants
Gogli Body
Chloroplast
Nucleolus
Found only in plants
Ribosomes
Cell Wall
Central Vacuole
Vacuole
Cell Table
ORGANELLE
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTION
CATEGORY
Nucleus
Both plant/animal
*Large, oval
*Controls cell
activities
Brain/Controller
Nucleolus
Both plant/animal
* Irregularly shaped
*Dense areas of
fibers and granules
*Found on nucleus
*There is one or more
*Site of ribosome
assembly
Manufactures
Cell Membrane
Both plant/animal
*Plant - inside cell wall
*Animal - outer layer;
cholesterol
*Selectively
permeable
*Support
*Protection
*Controls movement
of materials in/out of
cell
*Barrier between cell
and its environment
*Maintains
homeostasis
(maintains internal
balance)
Gateway & Support
Cytoplasm
Both plant/animal
*Clear, thick, jellylike
material and
organelles found
inside cell membrane
*Supports /protects
cell organelles
Provides support
Ribosome
Both plant/animal
Small bodies free or
attached to E.R.
*Produces proteins
Manufacture
ORGANELLE
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTION
CATEGORY
Mitochondrion
Both plant/animal
*Bean-shaped with
inner membranes
*Breaks down sugar
molecules into energy
Powers cell
Vacuole
Plant - few/large
Animal - small
*Fluid-filled sacs
*Store food, water,
waste (plants need to
store large amounts
of food)
Storage
Golgi Body
(Apparatus)
Both plant/animal
*Layer of sacs
*Thin membrane
*Modifies lipids (fats)
& proteins
* Stores and
packages materials
for movement out of
the cell
*Move back and forth
from the organelle to
the cell membrane
carrying the packaged
materials to the
outside of the cell
*Located near the
nucleus of the cell
Manufacture &
Storage
Endoplasmic
Reticulum (E.R.)
Both plant/animal
*Network of tubes or
membranes
*Carries materials
through cell
*Smooth ER
Both plant/animal
*Network of tubes or
membranes
*Packages proteins
for transport
*Synthesizes
membrane fats
*Releases calcium
Manufacture
ORGANELLE
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTION
CATEGORY
Both plant/animal
*Network of tubes or
membranes
*Ribosomes enable
the rough ER to make
proteins
*Manufactures
digestive enzymes and
protein hormone
Transportation
Lysosome
plant - uncommon
animal - common
*small, round, with a
membrane
*breaks down larger
food molecules into
smaller molecules
*digests old cell parts
Digestion, Storage, &
Waste Removal
Cell wall
Plant, not animal
*Outer layer
*Rigid, strong, stiff
*Made of cellulose
*Support (grow tall)
Support & Protection
*Protection
*Allows H2O, O2, CO2
to pass into and out of
cell
Chloroplast
Plant, not animal
*Green, oval usually
containing chlorophyll
(green pigment)
*Uses energy from
sun to make food for
the plant
(photosynthesis)
Central Vacuole
Plant, not animal
*Very large
*Rectangular
*Can hold water
Storage & Support
*Helps cell keep shape
*Rough ER
Powers Cell & Provides
Food
A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know
they shall never sit in.
-Greek Proverb
Cell Vocabulary
Cell – The basic unit of all living things.
Organelles and their function
Organelle – A specialized part of a cell that has a specific function.
Found in both animal & plant cell
Cell Membrane – The outer portion of a cell. It surrounds the cell and helps keep the
contents inside. The membrane also controls what enters or leaves a cell.
Cytoplasm – All the material between a cell membrane and the nucleus; it includes the
various organelles which help a cell to function. It helps the cell keep its shape.
Cytoskeleton – Provides shape and support to the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – A series of interconnected membrane tubes and channels
in the cytoplasm; moves material through the cell. There are two types – Rough ER and
Smooth ER:
¬ Rough ER – Transports ribosomes around the cell.
¬ Smooth ER – Stores key products needed by cell (ex. Muscles cells – store
calcium required for muscle contractions). Makes products (fats, phospholipids,
and steroids) needed by the cell.
Golgi (Body/Apparatus/Complex) – Stores, packages, and distributes proteins and fats
made by the ER. Also manufactures the lysosome.
Lysosome – Stores enzymes produced by cell. Digests food in the cell; packages and
removes waste from the cell; destroys organelles as they lose their function as well as
the cell when it dies (sometimes called the suicide organelle).
Mitochondria – Power plant of the cell.
Nucleolus – Located in the nucleus; manufactures ribosomes.
Nucleus – The control center of a cell. It contains genetic information that regulates
how a cell functions.
Ribosomes – Makes the proteins needed by the cell.
Vacuole – Stores food and waste products; removes waste from the cell; provides
support for the cell.
Found in just the plant cell
Cell Wall – The outermost part of a plant cell. It is found outside of the cell's
membrane. It is quite rigid and helps maintain the shape of the plant.
Central Vacuole - Contains water, and a place to store wastes that may be harmful to
the cell; provides structure and support for the plant cell.
Chloroplast – A green structure found inside a plant cell. This structure changes
sunlight into a usable form of energy for the plant. Works in conjunction with the
mitochondria to produce energy.
General Vocabulary Terms
Diffusion – The process of matter spreading out evenly from its source. An example of
diffusion is when perfume is sprayed and eventually is smelled throughout a room.
Organ – The part of an organism that is made up of tissues to perform a specific job.
Examples of organs include: skin, heart, lungs, stems, leaves, and roots.
Organism – Any living thing. Some may exist as a single cell (unicellular) but most are
made of many cells (multicellular) such as plants and animals.
Osmosis – A special form of diffusion that occurs in liquids. One liquid spreads evenly
within another liquid.
Photosynthesis - The plant takes water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and energy from the sun
and makes food for the plant; exhales oxygen.
System – A group of organs that works together performing a common function.
Examples of systems include the skeleton, nervous and vascular (tubes in plants).
Tissue – A group of cells that function together to meet a common purpose. Examples
include muscle, bone, and cuticle (the outer covering of a plant).