Download Aim 24: How does DNA code for the production of proteins through

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Aim 24: How does DNA code for the production of proteins through the process of translation?
Recall: Protein synthesis begins with the transcription of DNA to mRNA (The RNA that is synthesized from a DNA molecule). This process occurs in the
nucleus, allowing the mRNA strand to leave the nucleus with the genetic message and head for the ribosome to make proteins through another process called
translation.
What is Translation?
Where does translation occur?
What are the steps of translation?
Process in which ___________________ are synthesized from the code found in _________.
_____________________ floating in the ___________________ of the cell
Once transcription in the nucleus occurs, the mRNA that is created travels to a ribosome.
Step 1: ___________ leaves the ____________________ and travels to a __________________
Step 2: The ribosome travels along the mRNA strand as a specific _______________________
is carried to the mRNA
o
Another type of RNA called _______________ (transfer RNA) _________________ these
amino acids to specific _________________ on the mRNA strand
o
Codon = sequence of _________________ that code for an ________________________
Step 3: As more amino acids are carried to the mRNA strand, they create a ___________________
Step 4: Once the bases are all read, the attached amino acid chain is ________________________
o
Amino acids bonded together = _____________________________
Step 5: Every protein created has a ______________________ order of _____________________
o
The _________________ of the amino acids determines the _________________
of the protein.
o
The ________________ of the protein determines its _________________________ (job)
o
Many proteins become _____________________, ___________________,
______________________________________ or parts of ________________________
Why are proteins so important?
The work of the cell is carried out by ____________________. The picture to the left shows
different proteins with ______________________ into specific shapes.
*_____________________ are a key example of proteins in our
body. Like all proteins, the __________________ of an enzyme
affects its chemical ____________________
How to read a codon chart:
Step 1: Place your finger on the first letter on
the left hand side.
Step 2: Slide your finger to the left to find
the second letter.
Step 3: Slide your finger up or down to find
the third letter.
* There are 20 amino acids
* There are 64 codon combinations
Practice:
DNA: T
A T
RNA: _________
AA: __________
DNA: C
G
C
RNA: _________
AA: __________
DNA: A
A
A
RNA: _________
AA: __________
PRACTICE: For each DNA sequence below, fill in the mRNA sequences and the amino acid sequences. Use your codon chart to identify the amino acids.
1.
DNA: A T A
C G A
A A
RNA: ______
______
AA: ______
T
C
G C
G A T
C G C
G G C
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
2. DNA: T T T
A C G
G C C
A T C
A G G
RNA: ______
______
______
______
AA: ______
______
______
3. DNA: G A C
G G G
RNA: ______
G A T
T C G
G C A
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
C A A
T A C
T G G
G TA
A T C
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
G C T
A T A
G C G
C T A
G A T
C G A
A T C
G C T
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
AA: ______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
4. DNA: C G A
T A C
A A T
G G A
C C C
G G T A T G
C G A
T A T
C C G
RNA: ______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
AA: ______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______