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Name: Date: Aim 24: How does DNA code for the production of proteins through the process of translation? Recall: Protein synthesis begins with the transcription of DNA to mRNA (The RNA that is synthesized from a DNA molecule). This process occurs in the nucleus, allowing the mRNA strand to leave the nucleus with the genetic message and head for the ribosome to make proteins through another process called translation. What is Translation? Where does translation occur? What are the steps of translation? Process in which ___________________ are synthesized from the code found in _________. _____________________ floating in the ___________________ of the cell Once transcription in the nucleus occurs, the mRNA that is created travels to a ribosome. Step 1: ___________ leaves the ____________________ and travels to a __________________ Step 2: The ribosome travels along the mRNA strand as a specific _______________________ is carried to the mRNA o Another type of RNA called _______________ (transfer RNA) _________________ these amino acids to specific _________________ on the mRNA strand o Codon = sequence of _________________ that code for an ________________________ Step 3: As more amino acids are carried to the mRNA strand, they create a ___________________ Step 4: Once the bases are all read, the attached amino acid chain is ________________________ o Amino acids bonded together = _____________________________ Step 5: Every protein created has a ______________________ order of _____________________ o The _________________ of the amino acids determines the _________________ of the protein. o The ________________ of the protein determines its _________________________ (job) o Many proteins become _____________________, ___________________, ______________________________________ or parts of ________________________ Why are proteins so important? The work of the cell is carried out by ____________________. The picture to the left shows different proteins with ______________________ into specific shapes. *_____________________ are a key example of proteins in our body. Like all proteins, the __________________ of an enzyme affects its chemical ____________________ How to read a codon chart: Step 1: Place your finger on the first letter on the left hand side. Step 2: Slide your finger to the left to find the second letter. Step 3: Slide your finger up or down to find the third letter. * There are 20 amino acids * There are 64 codon combinations Practice: DNA: T A T RNA: _________ AA: __________ DNA: C G C RNA: _________ AA: __________ DNA: A A A RNA: _________ AA: __________ PRACTICE: For each DNA sequence below, fill in the mRNA sequences and the amino acid sequences. Use your codon chart to identify the amino acids. 1. DNA: A T A C G A A A RNA: ______ ______ AA: ______ T C G C G A T C G C G G C ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 2. DNA: T T T A C G G C C A T C A G G RNA: ______ ______ ______ ______ AA: ______ ______ ______ 3. DNA: G A C G G G RNA: ______ G A T T C G G C A ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ C A A T A C T G G G TA A T C ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ G C T A T A G C G C T A G A T C G A A T C G C T ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ AA: ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 4. DNA: C G A T A C A A T G G A C C C G G T A T G C G A T A T C C G RNA: ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ AA: ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______