Download GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST Name: Date: 1. Which statement

GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
Name:
1.
Date:
Which statement best describes the
relationship between the number of genes
and the number of chromosomes in human
skin cells?
2.
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the diagram below of a DNA
molecule and on lyour knowledge of biology.
(1) There are more genes than chromosomes
in skin cells.
(2) There are more chromosomes than
genes in skin cells.
(3) There are equal numbers of genes and
chromosomes in skin cells.
What occurs in the process of replication?
(1) Structure 1 is hydrolyed.
(2) Chemical bonds are broken in region 2.
(3) Structure 3 is synthesized.
(4) Proteins are formed in region 2.
page 1
3.
A great deal of information can now be
obtained about the future health of people by
examining the genetic makeup of their cells.
There are concerns that this information
could be used to deny an individual health
insurance or employment.
5.
These concerns best illustrate that
(1) scienti c explanations depend upon
evidence collected from a single source
In an experiment, DNA from dead pathogenic
bacteria was transferred into living bacteria
that do not cause disease. These altered
bacteria were then injected into healthy
mice. These mice died of the same disease
caused by the original pathogens. Based on
this information, which statement would be a
valid conclusion?
(1) DNA is present only in living organisms.
(2) DNA functions only in the original
organism of which it was a part.
(2) scienti c inquiry involves the collection
of information from a large number of
sources
(3) DNA changes the organism receiving
the injection into the original organism.
(3) acquiring too much knowledge in human
genetics will discourage future research
in that area
(4) DNA from a dead organism can become
active in another organism.
(4) while science provides knowledge,
values are essential to making ethical
decisions using this knowledge
6.
4.
When DNA separates into two strands, the
DNA would most likely be directly involved
in
If a set of instructions that determines all
of the characteristics of an organism is
compared to a book, and a chromosome is
compared to a chapter in the book, then
what might be compared to a paragraph in
the book?
(1) a starch molecule
(1) replication
(2) fertilization
(2) an egg
(3) di erentiation
(4) evolution
(3) an amino acid
(4) a DNA molecule
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
7.
The diagram below represents a section of a
molecule that carries genetic information.
8.
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the information and diagram
below and on your knowledge of biology.
The diagram below shows the
results of a test that was done using
DNA samples from three bears
of di erent species. Each DNA
sample was cut into fragments using
a speci c enzyme and placed in the
wells as indicated below. The DNA
fragments were then separated using
gel electrophoresis.
The pattern of numbers represents
(1) a sequence of paired bases
(2) the order of proteins in a gene
(3) folds of an amino acid
(4) positions of gene mutations
Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA
fragments on the basis of their
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(1) size
(2) color
(3) functions
(4) chromosomes
GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
9.
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the information and diagram
below and on your knowledge of biology.
10.
Steps in a reproductive process used to
produce a sheep with certain traits are listed
below.
Step 1— The nucleus was removed from an
unfertilized egg taken from sheep A.
The four wells represented in
the diagram were each injected
with fragments that were prepared
from DNA samples using identical
techniques.
Step 2—The nucleus of a body cell taken
from sheep B was then inserted into this
unfertilized egg from sheep A.
Step 3—The resulting cell was then
implanted into the uterus of sheep C.
Step 4—Sheep C gave birth to sheep D.
Which sheep would be most genetically
similar to sheep D?
(1) sheep A, only
This laboratory procedure is known as
(2) sheep B, only
(1) cloning
(3) both sheep A and B
(2) gel electrophoresis
(4) both sheep A and C
(3) chromatography
(4) use of a dichotomous key
11.
Which two structures of a frog would most
likely have the same chromosome number?
(1) skin cell and fertilized egg cell
(2) zygote and sperm cell
(3) kidney cell and egg cell
(4) liver cell and sperm cell
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
12.
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the diagram below and on
your knowledge of biology. The diagram
shows the results of a technique used to
analyze DNA.
13.
Electrophoresis is a method of
(1) separating DNA fragments
(2) changing the genetic code of an
organism
(3) indicating the presence of starch
(4) separating colored compounds on a strip
of paper
This technique used to analyze DNA directly
results in
(1) synthesizing large fragments of DNA
14.
(2) separating DNA fragments on the basis
of size
Chromosomes can be described as
(1) large molecules that have only one
function
(3) producing genetically engineered DNA
molecules
(2) folded chains of bonded glucose
molecules
(4) removing the larger DNA fragments
from the samples
(3) reproductive cells composed of
molecular bases
(4) coiled strands of genetic material
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
15.
Several structures are labeled in the diagram
of a puppy shown below.
17.
Every cell in each of these structures
contains
The diagram below represents the banding
pattern for human chromosome 11, with
some of the bands labeled.
The bands represent
(1) equal amounts of ATP
(2) identical genetic information
(3) proteins that are all identical
(1) proteins
(2) genes
(3) starches
(4) enzymes
(4) organelles for the synthesis of glucose
18.
16.
Coded instructions that are passed from one
generation to the next can be most directly
changed by the processes of
Modern technology could be used to clone
pet dogs and cats. The cloned animals
would resemble the original pets because
(1) the genes of the new animals are
di erent from those of the original pets
(1) passive transport, natural selection, and
synthesis
(2) half of the genetic information of the
new animals is the same as that of the
original pets
(2) selective breeding, replication, and
absorption
(3) the new animals have mutations not
found in the original pets
(3) recombination, mutation, and genetic
engineering
(4) the new animals have the same genetic
information as the original pets
(4) evolution, reproduction, and digestion
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
19.
The colors and scents of plants attract
helpful insects and repel insects that feed on
them. The production of the proteins that
provide these colors and scents is the direct
result of the
21.
Which technique could be used to determine
the relative number of bases in fragments
taken from a sample of DNA?
(1) electrophoresis
(1) behavior learned from parent plants
(2) cloning
(2) presence of speci c genes
(3) paper chromatography
(3) the genetic makeup of the surrounding
vegetation
(4) light microscopy
(4) inability of plants to move as animals
do
22.
20.
Which organism would most likely have new
gene combinations?
(1) a frog that was produced from a skin
cell of a frog
When the bacterium Serratia marcescens
is grown on a sterile culture medium in a
petri dish at 30 C, the bacterial colonies are
cream colored. When this same bacterium
is cultured under identical conditions, except
at a temperature of 25 C, the colonies are
brick red. This di erence in color is most
likely due to the
(1) type of nutrients in the culture medium
(2) a hamster resulting from sexual
reproduction
(2) sterilization of the culture medium
(3) a bacterium resulting from asexual
reproduction
(3) e ect of temperature on the expression
of the gene for color
(4) a star sh that grew from part of a
star sh
(4) e ect of colony size on the synthesis of
color pigments
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
23.
Base your answer to the following question
on the graph below and on your knowledge
of biology. The graph shows the level of
gene expression of ve di erent genes in
normal and cancerous cells.
24.
Several gold sh were kept in a small
aquarium for several years. The sh grew to
be approximately 6 centimeters long in the
rst year, and after that, growth in length
stopped. These sh were later transferred
to a large pond. In the pond, the gold sh
grew much larger, reaching lengths of around
25 centimeters. Which statement provides
the best explanation for the increased growth
of the sh in the pond?
(1) Chemicals present in the pond increased
the amount of DNA in the sh, causing
the growth increase.
Which statement is a valid inference that can
be made based on the data in this graph?
(2) The expression of genetic information
in the sh was in uenced by their
surroundings.
(1) The change in the level of gene
expression in gene 4 could indicate it
plays a major role in the development
of cancer.
(3) The sh expressed and passed on only
those characteristics that enabled them
to survive in the new environment.
(4) The size of the sh depended only on
their food supply and not on their DNA.
(2) Slight decreases in gene expression will
always result in the formation of cancer
cells.
(3) Cells will develop cancer if the gene
expression of these ve genes remains
below four peptides per second.
(4) An increase in the level of gene
expression in these ve genes is
necessary for cancer to develop in cells.
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
25.
The table below indicates a reproductive
pattern in some sea turtles when eggs
develop in areas with di ering temperatures.
26.
Sex Determination in Sea Turtles
In the summer, the arctic fox appears brown
because its cells produce a dark pigment.
However, in the winter, the arctic fox appears
white because the dark pigment is not
produced. The color change is most likely
due to the e ect of
Temperature ( C)
O spring Produced
23–27
mostly males
(1) di erent genes produced in the di erent
seasons
mostly females
(2) increased pollution on genetic mutations
below 23
usually none
28–30
50/50 males: females
above 33
usually none
31–33
(3) environmental conditions on gene
expression
The sex of turtle o spring is most probably
(4) poor nutrition on cell growth and
development
(1) determined only by genes inherited from
the parent turtles
(2) controlled entirely by the location where
the young are raised
(3) a result of genetic information being
in uenced by environmental conditions
(4) an identical pattern to the reproductive
pattern found in humans
27.
Even though identical twins have the same
genetic material, they may develop slightly
di erent characteristics because
(1) each twin receives di erent chromosomes
from the egg
(2) one twin may only have genes from the
father
(3) gene expression may be in uenced by
factors that switch genes on and o
(4) a gene mutation may have occurred
before the zygote divided
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
28.
The puppies shown in the photograph below
are all from the same litter.
The di erences seen within this group of
puppies are most likely due to
(1) overproduction and selective breeding
(2) mutations and elimination of genes
(3) evolution and asexual reproduction
(4) sorting and recombination of genes
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
29.
Which sequence best represents the relationship between DNA and the traits of an organism?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
30.
The letters in the accompanying diagram
represent genes on a particular chromosome.
31.
To determine the identity of their biological
parents, adopted children sometimes request
DNA tests. These tests involve comparing
DNA samples from the child to DNA
samples taken from the likely parents.
Possible relationships may be determined
from these tests because the
(1) base sequence of the father determines
the base sequence of the o spring
(2) DNA of parents and their o spring
is more similar than the DNA of
nonfamily members
Gene B contains the code for an enzyme
that cannot be synthesized unless gene A is
also active. Which statement best explains
why this can occur?
(3) position of the genes on each
chromosome is unique to each family
(4) mutation rate is the same in closely
related individuals
(1) A hereditary trait can be determined by
more than one gene.
(2) Genes are made up of double-stranded
segments of DNA.
(3) All the genes on a chromosome act to
produce a single trait.
(4) The rst gene on each chromosome
controls all the other genes on the
chromosome.
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
32.
Researchers recently discovered that when
hammerhead sharks were moved to shallower
water, resulting in exposure to increased light
intensity, their backs turned a deep brownish
black. Which statement best supports this
observation?
34.
The fruit y represented in the diagram
below has unusual, curled wings that formed
after exposure to radiation.
(1) Genes are inherited, but their expression
can be modi ed by interactions with the
environment.
(2) The cells of hammerhead sharks contain
many thousands of di erent genes in
their nuclei.
In order for the y to pass this trait on to its
o spring, a change had to occur in
(3) An inherited trait of an individual can
be determined by one or by many genes.
(1) the blood cells of the y
(4) Asexually produced o spring are
normally genetically identical to the
parent.
(2) the gametes of the y
(3) all the body cells of the y
(4) the muscles of the y
33.
35.
Brothers and sisters often have similar facial
characteristics, such as nose shape or eye
color, because they
Which factor has the greatest in uence
on the development of new, inheritable
characteristics?
(1) combinations of genes resulting from
mitosis
(1) are raised in similar environments
(2) eat similar types of foods
(2) mutations of genes in reproductive cells
(3) have similar types of proteins
(3) sorting of genes during asexual
reproduction
(4) use similar types of facial care products
(4) recombining of genes during
di erentiation
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
36.
Many years ago, a scientist grew pea plants
that produced wrinkled peas. The peas
from these plants produced new plants that
also produced wrinkled peas. The scientist
concluded that something in the parent plants
was being transmitted to the next generation.
This discovery is now known as
38.
The diagram below represents the cloning of
a carrot plant.
Compared to each cell of the original carrot
plant, each cell of the new plant will have
(1) genetic engineering
(2) biological evolution
(1) the same number of chromosomes and
the same types of genes
(3) heredity
(4) natural selection
(2) the same number of chromosomes, but
di erent types of genes
(3) half the number of chromosomes and
the same types of genes
(4) half the number of chromosomes, but
di erent types of genes
37.
Young birds that have been raised in isolation
from members of their species build nests
characteristic of their species. This suggests
that the nest-building behavior is
(1) genetically inherited from parents
(2) learned by watching members of their
species
39.
(3) a disadvantage to the survival of the
species
(4) a direct result of the type of food the
bird eats
page 14
The transfer of genes from parents to their
o spring is known as
(1) di erentiation
(2) heredity
(3) immunity
(4) evolution
GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
40.
Asexually reproducing organisms pass on
hereditary information as
42.
A portion of a molecule is shown in the
diagram below.
(1) sequences of A, T, C, and G
(2) chains of complex amino acids
(3) folded protein molecules
(4) simple inorganic sugars
Which statement best describes the main
function of this type of molecule?
(1) It is a structural part of the cell wall.
(2) It stores energy for metabolic processes.
(3) It determines what traits may be
inherited.
(4) It transports materials across the cell
membrane.
41.
Hereditary traits are transmitted from
generation to generation by means of
(1) speci c sequences of bases in DNA in
reproductive cells
(2) proteins in body cells
(3) carbohydrates in body cells
(4) speci c starches making up DNA in
reproductive cells
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
43.
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the diagram below of a DNA
molecule and on lyour knowledge of biology.
44. A medical test indicates that a patient has
a defective protein. This condition is most
likely due to a change in the directions
coded in the
(1) number of hydrogen atoms in starch
molecules
(2) sequence of inorganic molecules
(3) number of carbon atoms in sugar
molecules
(4) sequence of subunits in DNA
What is the base sequence of strand X?
(1) G-T-A-C
(2) T-G-C-A
(3) G-T-C-A
(4) A-T-C-G
45.
A small amount of DNA was taken from
a fossil of a mammoth found frozen in
glacial ice. Genetic technology can be used
to produce a large quantity of identical
DNA from this mammoth's DNA. In this
technology, the original DNA sample is used
to
(1) stimulate di erentiation in other
mammoth cells
(2) provide fragments to replace certain
human body chemicals
(3) act as a template for repeated replication
(4) trigger mitosis to obtain new base
sequences
page 16
GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
46.
The accompanying diagrams represent
portions of the genes that code for wing
structure in two organisms of the same
species. Gene 1 was taken from the cells
of a female with normal wings, and gene 2
was taken from the cells of a female with
abnormal wings.
47.
Molecule 1 represents a segment of
hereditary information, and molecule 2
represents the portion of a molecule that is
determined by information from molecule 1.
What will most likely happen if there is
a change in the rst three subunits on the
upper strand of molecule 1?
The abnormal wing structure was most likely
due to
(1) The remaining subunits in molecule 1
will also change.
(1) an insertion
(2) a substitution
(2) A portion of molecule 2 may be
di erent.
(3) a deletion
(3) Molecule 1 will split apart, triggering
an immune response.
(4) normal replication
(4) Molecule 2 may form two strands rather
than one.
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
48.
In the accompanying diagram, strands I and
II represent portions of a DNA molecule.
Strand II would normally include
50.
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the information and chart
below and on your knowledge of biology.
In DNA, a sequence of three
bases is a code for the placement of a
certain amino acid in a protein chain.
The table below shows some amino
acids with their abbreviations and DNA
codes
(1) AGC
(2) TCG
(3) TAC
(4) GAT
Which amino acid chain would be produced
by the DNA base sequence below?
C-A-A-G-T-T-A-A-A-T-T-A-T-T-G-T-G-A
(1)
(2)
(3)
49.
(4)
The genetic code of a DNA molecule is
determined by a speci c sequence of
(1) ATP molecules
(2) sugar molecules
(3) chemical bonds
(4) molecular bases
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
51.
A single gene mutation results from
53.
(1) a change in a base sequence in DNA
(2) recombination of traits
(3) the failure of chromosomes to separate
The parents of a new baby believe they
brought the wrong child home from the
hospital. Gel electrophoresis was performed
using DNA samples from the parents and the
child. A section of the gel electrophoresis
results is shown below.
(4) blocked nerve messages
Which conclusion is valid based on the gel
electrophoresis results?
52.
(1) They have the correct child, because her
genetic information is identical to that
of the father.
Genes involved in the production of
abnormal red blood cells have an abnormal
sequence of
(1) ATP molecules
(2) amino acids
(3) sugars
(4) bases
(2) They have the wrong child, because her
genetic information does not match that
of either parent.
(3) They have the correct child, because
her genetic information came from both
parents.
(4) They have the wrong child, because her
genetic information matches only that of
the mother.
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
54.
The diagram below shows an alteration that
occurred during the replication process of a
portion of a gene. The numbers identify the
locations of speci c bases in the sequence.
56.
Replication
!
This alteration is most likely the result of
DNA samples can be separated according to
size using the technique of
(1) chromatography
(2) electrophoresis
(3) replication
(4) dissection
(1) a substitution at base 2
(2) a deletion of base 2
(3) an insertion of base 3
(4) a deletion of base 4
57.
55.
Four di erent segments of a DNA molecule
are represented below.
The diagram below represents a segment of
a gene on two chromosomes.
There is an error in the DNA molecule in
Normal gene
(1) segment 1, only
Mutated gene
(2) segment 3, only
(3) segments 2 and 3
The change in the gene sequence is an
example of
(1) an insertion
(2) a deletion
(3) a substitution
(4) a replication
(4) segments 2 and 4
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
58.
The diagram below represents a portion of a
DNA molecule.
59.
Part of a molecule found in cells is
represented below.
Which process is most directly a ected by
the arrangement of components 1 through 4?
(1) di usion through cell membranes
(2) fertilization of a sex cell
(3) sequencing of amino acids in cells
(4) increasing the number of cells in an
organism
The letters represent di erent types of
(1) sugar molecules
(2) molecular bases
(3) enzymes
(4) proteins
60.
If 15% of a DNA sample is made up of
thymine, T, what percentage of the sample is
made up of cytosine, C?
(1) 15%
page 21
(2) 35%
(3) 70%
(4) 85%
GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
61.
DNA electrophoresis is used to study
evolutionary relationships of species. The
diagram below shows the results of DNA
electrophoresis for four di erent animal
species.
62.
The function of the coded instructions
contained in the body cells of an organism
is to
(1) form a variety of gametes that will pass
on hereditary information
(2) direct the synthesis of proteins necessary
for proper cell function
(3) synthesize di erent kinds of amino acids
in a speci c sequence
(4) produce the inorganic molecules needed
for normal cell growth
Which species has the most DNA in
common with species A?
(1) X and Y, only
(2) Y, only
(3) Z, only
(4) X, Y, and Z
page 22
GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
63.
The accompanying diagram represents a
process that occurs within a cell in the
human pancreas.
64. A change in the order of DNA bases that
code for a respiratory protein will most
likely cause
(1) the production of a starch that has a
similar function
(2) the digestion of the altered gene by
enzymes
(3) a change in the sequence of amino acids
determined by the gene
(4) the release of antibodies by certain cells
to correct the error
This process is known as
(1) digestion by enzymes
(2) protein synthesis
65.
(3) energy production
(4) replication of DNA
The diagram below shows some of the steps
in protein synthesis.
The section of DNA being used to make the
strand of mRNA is known as a
page 23
(1) carbohydrate
(2) gene
(3) ribosome
(4) chromosome
GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
66.
Which row in the chart below contains a cell
structure paired with its primary function?
Row Cell Structure
ribosome
protein synthesis
(3)
nucleus
carbohydrate synthesis
(4)
vacuole
mitochondrion
(1) (1)
67.
Function
(1)
(2)
68.
Which process is a common practice that has
been used by farmers for hundreds of years
to develop new plant and animal varieties?
production of genetic information
(1) cloning
waste disposal
(2) genetic engineering
(2) (2)
(3) (3)
(3) cutting DNA and removing segments
(4) (4)
(4) selective breeding for desirable traits
White short-horned cattle and Black Angus
cattle have been crossed to produce o spring
with superior beef and rapid growth qualities.
This process of choosing organisms with the
most desirable traits for mating is known as
(1) cloning
(2) biodiversity
(3) selective breeding
(4) genetic engineering
page 24
GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
69.
Modern dogs are direct descendants of the
gray wolf. They rst appeared about 130,000
years ago. Today, there are about 150
di erent breeds of domestic dog, a few of
which are shown below.
70.
Scientists have cloned sheep but have not yet
cloned a human. The best explanation for
this situation is that
(1) the technology to clone humans has not
been explored
(2) human reproduction is very di erent
from that of other mammals
(3) there are many ethical problems involved
in cloning humans
(4) cloning humans would take too long
All modern domestic dogs are descendants of the gray wolf.
adapted from: www.pbs.org
The great variety of modern dogs can best
be explained by
(1) selective breeding of dogs over many
years
71.
(2) the cloning of domestic dogs
(3) genetic alterations in gray wolves alive
today
Scientists have successfully cloned animals,
including large mammals such as sheep.
Which statement provides the most likely
reason that a human has not yet been cloned?
(1) Humans have DNA that is structurally
very di erent from other mammals.
(4) natural selection favoring wolves over
dogs
(2) Cloning can only be performed on
animals that normally reproduce
asexually.
(3) Human genes are made of too many
di erent types of simple sugars.
(4) Some people consider human genetic
experiments unethical.
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
72.
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the information below and on
your knowledge of biology.
73.
Female mosquitoes spread
diseases when they bite humans to
obtain blood. It is only the females
that do the biting. Research is being
conducted to alter the DNA of male
mosquitoes. These altered males
could then mate with normal female
mosquitoes. All of the resulting female
o spring would have wing defects that
prevent them from ying.
Base your answer(s) to the following
qusetion(s) on the statement below and on
your knowledge of biology.
Scientists have found a gene in
the DNA of a certain plant that could
be the key to increasing the amount of
lycopene, a cancer ghting substance, in
tomatoes.
The process of inserting this gene into the
DNA of a tomato plant is known as
(1) selective breeding
The method used to alter the male
mosquitoes is an example of an application
of
(2) genetic engineering
(3) cloning
(4) replication
(1) a feedback mechanism
(2) selective breeding
(3) biotechnology
(4) physiology
74.
A scientist claimed that he had cloned a
guinea pig to produce two o spring, a male
and a female. The claim is not valid because
(1) guinea pigs can reproduce both sexually
and asexually
(2) the two o spring are not identical
copies of the original guinea pig
(3) each of the o spring had half the
genetic information of the original
guinea pig
(4) none of the genetic information came
from the original guinea pig
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
75.
Some goats have been genetically modi ed
with a human gene that codes for a blood
anticlotting factor. The anticlotting factor
can then be extracted from the goat milk
and used during surgery. To produce these
genetically modi ed goats, scientists most
likely
76.
Plants in species A cannot ght most fungal
infections. Plants in species B make a
protein that kills many fungi. One possible
way for humans to produce species A plants
with the ability to synthesize this protein
would be to
(1) injected the anticlotting factor into the
milkproducing glands of the animals
(1) mutate fungal DNA and introduce the
mutated DNA into species B using a
virus
(2) added modi ed DNA into the milk of
the animals
(2) add DNA from species B into the soil
around species A
(3) inserted the human gene into the egg
cells of goats
(3) insert the gene for the protein from
species B into a chromosome in
species A
(4) altered the nutritional requirements of
newborn goats
(4) cross species A and a fungus to
stimulate the synthesis of this protein
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
77.
The accompanying diagram illustrates some
key steps of a procedure in one area of
biotechnology.
78.
The accompanying diagrams represent some
steps in a procedure used in biotechnology.
Letters X and Y represent the
(1) hormones that stimulate the replication
of bacterial DNA
The letter X most likely represents
(2) biochemical catalysts involved in the
insertion of genes into other organisms
(1) bacterial cells that are unable to
synthesize insulin
(3) hormones that trigger rapid mutation of
genetic information
(2) human cells that are able to synthesize
antibodies
(4) gases needed to produce the energy
required for gene manipulation
(3) bacterial cells that are able to synthesize
insulin
(4) human cells that are unable to resist
antibiotics
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
79.
The diagram below represents a scienti c
technique in use today.
80.
Which statement would most likely be used
to describe the procedure represented in the
diagram below?
Scientists have used this technique to
(1) Enzymes are used to assemble an
insulin gene, which is then attached to
bacterial DNA.
(1) produce hormones for human use at a
lower cost than other methods
(2) Bacterial DNA is cut from a human
DNA strand and inserted into a human
cell to form an insulin gene.
(3) The insulin gene is cut out of a human
DNA strand using an enzyme and
inserted into bacterial DNA, resulting
in a combination of di erent DNA
segments.
(2) produce pathogens that are able to live
in humans
(3) clone human cells with desired
characteristics
(4) eliminate the need for laboratory
production of medicines for humans
(4) A gene is deleted from bacterial DNA
to produce an insulin gene, which is
then inserted into human DNA.
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
81.
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the diagram below, which
illustrates some steps in genetic engineering
and on your knowledge of biology.
82.
The accompanying diagram represents a
technique used in biotechnology.
State one way that enzymes are used in
step 2.
Name a speci c substance that can be
produced by this technique and state how
humans have bene ted from the production
of this substance.
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
83.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Universal Genetic Code Chart below and on
your knowledge of biology. Some DNA, RNA, and amino acid information from the analysis of a
gene present in ve di erent species is shown in the chart on the next page.
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
84.
85.
Using the information given, ll in the
missing DNA bases in the DNA strand for
species C in the chart on the next page.
89.
DNA samples were taken from three
di erent species and used to determine the
amino acid sequence for a portion of a
particular protein. The amino acids were
then compared in order to determine which
species were most closely related. Some of
the information is shown on the table below.
Using the information given, ll in the
missing mRNA bases in the mRNA strand
for species B in the chart on the next page.
86.
Using the Universal Genetic Code Chart, ll
in the missing amino acids in the amino acid
sequence for species A in the chart provided.
87.
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the diagram below and on
your knowledge of biology.
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the information below and on
your knowledge of biology.
Species
A
DNA base sequence
mRNA base sequence
amino acid sequence
GAC
CUG
LEU
TGA
ACU
THR
CTC
GAG
CAC
GUG
VAL
TGA
ACU
Species
B
DNA base sequence
mRNA base sequence
amino acid sequence
GAC
AGA
UCU
CTT
GAA
CAC
TGA
ACU
THR
Species
C
DNA base sequence
mRNA base sequence
amino acid sequence
GAC
CUG
LEU
TGC
CAC
GUG
VAL
LEU
THR
VAL
CTC
GLU
AGA
UCU
SER
State one speci c e ect on the protein
produced if an mRNA code is changed from
AGU to AGA.
90.
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the diagram of a cell below.
Identify the type of building block
represented by the letters A, B, and C.
88.
Choose either structure 3 or structure 4,
write the number of the structure on the line
below, and describe how it aids the process
of protein synthesis.
If the sequence of building blocks were
changed, what e ect could it most likely
have on the protein?
Structure:
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
91.
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the information and diagram
below and on your knowledge of biology.
93.
The diagram below shows the
results of a test that was done using
DNA samples from three bears
of di erent species. Each DNA
sample was cut into fragments using
a speci c enzyme and placed in the
wells as indicated below. The DNA
fragments were then separated using
gel electrophoresis.
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the table below, which
represents the DNA codes for several amino
acids.
Amino Acid
DNA Code Sequence
Tryptophan
ACC
Cysteine
Valine
ACA or ACG
CAA or CAC or CAG or CAT
Proline
GGA or GGC or GGG or GGT
Methionine
TAC
Asparagine
TTA or TTG
The original DNA sequence undergoes the
following change:
TACACACAAACGGGG !
TACACACAAACGGGT
State one reason this mutation produces no
change in the action of the nal molecule
that will be synthesized from this code.
Which two bears are most closely related?
Support your answer with data from the test
results.
92.
Identify one additional way to determine the
evolutionary relationship of these bears.
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST
94.
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the information and chart
below and on your knowledge of biology.
95.
In DNA, a sequence of three
bases is a code for the placement of a
certain amino acid in a protein chain.
The table below shows some amino
acids with their abbreviations and DNA
codes
Base your answer(s) to the following
question(s) on the table below, which
represents the DNA codes for several amino
acids.
Amino Acid
DNA Code Sequence
Tryptophan
ACC
Cysteine
Valine
ACA or ACG
CAA or CAC or CAG or CAT
Proline
GGA or GGC or GGG or GGT
Methionine
TAC
Asparagine
TTA or TTG
The DNA sequence undergoes the following
change:
TACACACAAACGGGG !
TACACCCAAACGGGG
Identify one environmental factor that could
cause a base sequence in DNA to be changed
to a di erent base sequence.
How would the sequence of amino acids be
changed as a result of this mutation?
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GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST