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Student Name: ______________________
Teacher:
______________________
District:
Robeson
Assessment:
9_12 Agriculture AU71 - Biotech and Agrisci Rsch I Test 3
Description:
Obj 13 - DNA, Mitosis, & Meiosis
Form:
501
Date: ___________
1. The number of chromosomes and amount of DNA in an organism:
A.
Increases over time due to evolution.
B.
Is determined by the complexity of an organism.
C. Is determined by the size of an organism.
D. Varies by species.
2. The structure of DNA enables the double helix to unzip enabling the process of DNA:
A.
Electrophoresis.
B.
Replication.
C. Transcription.
D. Translation.
3. The structure of DNA can BEST be described as a:
A.
Double helix with a sugar-phosphate backbone.
B.
Double helix with sugar-phosphate central rungs.
C.
Single helix with a sugar-phosphate backbone.
D.
Single helix with sugar-phosphate central rungs.
4. In sexual reproduction the DNA of parents is passed to offspring through individual:
A.
Arbitrary sections of DNA.
B.
Chromosomes.
C. Genes.
D. Genomes.
5. The DNA double helix is MOST easily separated at the bond between:
A.
Nitrogenous base and sugar.
B.
Nitrogenous base and nitrogenous base.
C. Phosphorus and nitrogenous base.
D.
Sugar and phosphorus.
6. The pairing of nitrogenous bases in a DNA sequence is:
A.
Impossible because of the location of phosphate molecules.
B.
Of little importance in reproduction.
C. Relatively the same for all organisms.
D.
The determining factor in the expression of genes.
7. Minor errors in the transmission of DNA from parents to offspring are:
A.
Always deadly.
B.
Common in most organisms.
C. Most often beneficial.
D. Very rare in advanced animals.
8. Which part of the nucleotide is BEST described as zipping the DNA together?
A.
Nitrogenous base
B.
Phosphate molecule
C.
Sugar molecule
D.
Deoxyribose
9. Which part of the nucleotide is BEST described as forming the backbone of a DNA strand?
A.
Adenine
B.
Cytosine
C.
Sugar/phosphate molecule
D.
Nitrogenous base
10. The genome of a species is MOST likely to change:
A.
As a result of random selection.
B.
In response to an environmental change.
C.
Only as a result of mutations.
D. Very quickly over just a few generations.
11. A DNA segment composed of 45 base pairs would MOST likely represent one:
A.
Allele.
B.
Chromosome.
C. Genome.
D.
Nucleotide.
12. The genetic sequence of most humans differs by only 0.1% of the entire gene sequence or approximately:
A.
3 billion base pairs.
B.
300 million base pairs.
C.
3 million base pairs.
D.
300 thousand base pairs.
13. It is often more difficult to improve polygenic traits than those controlled by simple inheritance because
polygenic traits are controlled by:
A.
Fewer gene sequences.
B.
Genes with multiple alleles.
C.
Shifting genes.
D. Two or more gene sequences.
14. Scientists have recently completed the process of mapping the human genome, allowing researchers to:
A.
Determine the cause of specific genetic disorders.
B.
Easily exchange genes between different humans.
C. Extract stem cells for use in laboratory research.
D. Identify the location of genes on specific chromosomes.
15. Mapping the human genome is a process in which scientists determine:
A.
Advanced methods of gene therapy for treating genetic disorders.
B.
The function of each gene on a chromosome.
C.
The genes most suitable for genetic manipulation.
D.
The location of specific genes on each chromosome.
16. Most mutated cells in advanced plants and animals:
A.
Are beneficial.
B.
Eventually result in the death of the organism.
C.
Occur in organisms exposed to environmental stresses.
D. Result in an immediate change to the entire organism.
17. The type of mutation that changes only a single nucleotide in a DNA strand, and has little impact on the
process of transcription is a:
A.
Chromosomal mutation.
B.
End mutation.
C. Frameshift mutation.
D. Point mutation.
18. Abnormal cells (often mutations) that reproduce rapidly eventually overwhelming normal cells and causing
death in most organisms are called:
A.
Cancer.
B.
Chimera.
C.
Clonal.
D. Viral.
19. Often used to produce variegated plants, a genetic disorder that creates an organism with two or more
genetically distinct types of cells is a/an:
A.
Agrobacterium.
B.
Cancer.
C.
Chimera.
D.
Node.
20. A type of mutation in which nucleotides are inserted or deleted, thus changing the entire strand of DNA
following the mutation is a:
A.
Chromosomal.
B.
Frameshift.
C. Line.
D. Point.
21. Mutations and other genetic disorders result MOST often from problems in the process of:
A.
DNA replication.
B.
DNA translation.
C. RNA replication.
D. RNA translation.
22. What is the final product of spermatogenesis in livestock?
A.
2 new sperm
B.
4 new sperm
C. A fertilized egg
D.
Semen
23. The process resulting in the production of haploid cells in plants and animals is:
A.
Active transport.
B.
Meiosis.
C. Mitosis.
D. Permeability.
24. Errors in the transmission of DNA to daughter cells is MOST likely to occur in what stage of mitosis or
meiosis?
A.
Anaphase
B.
Metaphase
C. Prophase
D. Telephase
25. What types of cells are MOST likely produced during the process of meiosis in plants?
A.
Ovule
B.
Ovum
C. Meristimatic
D.
Sperm
26. During the early stages of growth in an organism, the division of stem cells is by:
A.
Cellular fusion.
B.
Interphase.
C. Meiosis.
D. Mitosis.
27. The process of cytokinesis occurring at the end of telephase is different in plant and animal cells because:
A.
Animal cells must create a cell plate to divide the cell membrane.
B.
Animal cells are more rigid and thus divide more slowly.
C. Plant cells must create a cell plate to divide the cell wall.
D. Plant cells must create a cleavage furrow to divide the cell wall.
28. Independent from the process of cell division, INTERPHASE prepares cells for mitosis and/or meiosis by:
A.
Aligning chromosomes & forming spindle fibers.
B.
Copying DNA & enabling cellular growth.
C.
Creating the cleavage furrow that will eventually separate the daughter cells.
D.
Dissolving the nuclear membrane and forming spindle fibers.
29. The cambium layer in a plant produces new plant tissues through the process of:
A.
Interphase.
B.
Cytokinesis.
C. Meiosis.
D. Mitosis.
30. The final alignment of chromosomes, important in determining the genetic composition of offspring, occurs
in what stage of meiosis?
A.
Anaphase II
B.
Metaphase II
C. Prophase II
D. Telephase II