Download Cell Organelle Notes

Cell Structure and Function Notes
1. All living things are made up of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
a. Most cells are much too small to see without a microscope.
b. The organelles / objects in cells all do many important and different things.
3. CELL MEMBRANE – Doorway of cell & support and protection
a. In plant cell it is right inside of the cell wall
b. In animal cell it forms outer covering of the cell
c. It gives protection and support for the animal cell
d. It controls movement of materials in and out of both cells
4. CELL WALL – Support and Protection
a. Strong, stiff, and made of cellulose
b. ONLY in plant cells
c. Protects and supports the plant so it can grow tall.
5. CHLOROPLAST – Energy Producer
a. ONLY in plant cell
b. Large, irregular shaped GREEN object that surrounds the vacuole
c. Has green chlorophyll which takes the sun’s energy and makes food through photosynthesis
6. CYTOPLASM
a. Gel-like fluid that is always moving around in the cell – only LIQUID organelle
b. Area between nucleus and cell membrane
c. Includes all the organelles in the cell except the nucleus and those inside it
7. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM - Transportation system
a. Clear, tubular passageways
b. Transportation system for entire cell
8. MITOCHONDRION / MITOCHONDRIA – Powerhouse
a. Make the energy in the animal cell
b. Makes energy in plant cell when cell is doing cellular respiration &
not photosynthesis (back-up generator for plant cell)
c. Rod-shaped objects
d. Breaks food down into energy
9. NUCLEUS – Control center
a. Acts as the “brain” of the cell by controlling what goes on in the cell
b. DNA stays here to run things
c. Large, oval shape
d. In both plant and animal cells
10. VACUOLE – Storage tank
a. One, large, round, water-filled sac in the plant cell
b. In the plant cell it is the main water storage area
c. Many small vacuoles in animal cell that come and go as needed
d. In animal cell they store food, waste, water, & other things for the cell
11. CHROMATIN / CHROMOSOMES – boss
a. Directs all activities in the cell like growth and reproduction
b. Passes traits of cells to new cells
c. Made up of nucleic acid – DNA and RNA (RNA delivers messages to cell parts)
12. GOLGI BODIES – Mailroom
a. Takes proteins & things from endoplasmic reticulum & packages them up to
send throughout the cell
b. Sends materials outside of the cell
13. LYSOSOME – Cleanup crew
a. ONLY in animal cell
b. Small, round object
c. Helps in digestion for cell by breaking down food particles into smaller pieces for the
mitochondria
d. Digests old and warn out cell parts so new ones can be made
e. Pushes waste vacuoles out the cell membrane – takes out the trash
14. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE – Support and Protection & Doorway to nucleus
a. Surrounds nucleus
b. Supports and protects the nucleus
c. Allows materials to come and go from the nucleus
15. NUCLEOLUS
a. Makes ribosomes
b. Small, circular object found inside the nucleus
16. RIBOSOME – Protein factory
a. Most are stuck to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum while some float in the cytoplasm
b. Small, grain-like objects that are red
c. Made in nucleolus
d. Made up of nucleic acid – RNA
e. Make protein for the cell to speed up cellular respiration
17. Prokaryote cells do not have a nucleus (like a bacteria cell). The genetic information floats around in
the cytoplasm
18. Eukaryote cells have a nucleus to protect and support the genetic material
Animal Cell
Plant Cell