Download Cell Structures

Cell Structures
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Cell Membrane
 Phospholipid bilayer
 selectively permeable
Decides what can
and cannot get into
the cell
 Recognition proteins
 Enzymes
Cell Wall
 In plants made of cellulose
 In fungi made of chitin
 More rigid than the plasma
membrane
 Helps the cell maintain its shape and
provides protection
 Restricts the cells ability to change
shape
Nucleus
 chromatin
DNA + proteins
 RNA
 nuclear envelope
 nucleolus
Mitochondria
can reproduce
two membranes
“powerhouse of
cell”
Chloroplast
 plants and green algea
 Two membranes
 photosynthesis
chlorophyll
Vacuoles
 Made of membrane
 Contractile vacuole
 Removes excess water in protists
 Central vacuole
 Stores water in plants
 Food vacuole
 Stores food in many cells
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Made of RNA and protein
ribosomes can be free floating
or sitting on the endoplasmic
reticulum just outside the
nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
 Membrane that serves as a place for
ribosomes to sit (rough endoplasmic
reticulum)
 Makes the lipids that form vacuoles (so
the proteins being made by the
ribosomes can be transported) – this
happens at the smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
 Sits just outside the nucleus
Golgi Apparatus (body)
 Vacuoles of proteins from ER join
the golgi apparatus
 As the proteins move through the
golgi apparatus the proteins get
changed and become functional
 Finished proteins leave in a
vacuole and are taken to their
final destination (thanks to motor
proteins)
Vesicles
Balls of plasma membrane that
contain different substances
Used to transport materials through
the cell
Lysosomes
Vesicles filled digestive enzymes
Can also transport waste
Prokayotes
Bacteria
Unicellular
Do not contain any
organelles
No nucleus (does have DNA)
Does have a cell membrane
Many have a cell wall (made
of a polysaccharide called
peptidoglycan)
Do all the same functions as
cells with organelles
Eukayotes
Protists, fungi, plants, and
animals
Always have a nucleus
Contain many of the
organelles discussed
Which organelles depends on
the type of cell and the
function of the cell
Can be unicellular or
multicelluar