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EXAMPLE Science Use a Punnett Square 4 The Punnett square at the right shows the possible results of crossing two pink snapdragons, each with one red gene R and one white gene W. Each parent snapdragon passes along only one gene for color to its offspring. Show how the square of a binomial can be used to model the Punnett square. PUNNETT SQUARES RW R R RW W W RR RW (red) (pink) RW WW (pink) (white) Solution PUNNETT SQUARES are used in genetics to model the possible combinations of parents’ genes in offspring. Each parent snapdragon has half red genes and half white genes. You can model the genetic makeup of each parent as follows: 0.5R 0.5W The genetic makeup of the offspring can be modeled by the product (0.5R 0.5W )2 Expand the product to find the possible colors of the offspring. (a b)2 a2 2ab b2 Write pattern. (0.5R 0.5W ) (0.5R) 2(0.5R)(0.5W) (0.5W ) 2 2 2 Apply pattern. 0.25R2 0.5RW 0.25W 2 Red ANSWER 䊳 Pink Simplify. White Given a sufficiently large number of offspring, 25% will be red, 50% will be pink, and 25% will be white. Use a Punnett Square 14. SCIENCE LINK In tigers, the normal color gene C is dominant and the gene for white coat color c is recessive. This means that a tiger whose color genes are CC or Cc will have normal coloring. A tiger whose color genes are cc will be white. Note: The recessive gene c that results in a white tiger is extremely rare. a. The Punnett square at the right shows the possible results of crossing two tigers, each with one dominant gene C and one recessive gene c. Find a model that can be used to represent the Punnett square. Write the model as a polynomial. b. What percent of the offspring are likely to have normal coloring? What percent are likely to be white? 584 Chapter 10 Polynomials and Factoring Cc C c C CC Cc c Cc cc Cc