Download File - Science for all

Cell Structure
& Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
Time to set up our LAST section
for our SISN!!!!
How is life created?
• Explaining the
unexplainable!
• Creation Myth
• You’re a scientist looking
under a microscope. You
see little parts that make up
a cell. Write a story that
explains how those parts of
the cell are created!
• Write out your Cell Myth!!!
Please have out:
- SISN
-Pencil
-Glue
BE READY to finish up
organelles!!!!!!!!

Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is
capable of performing life
functions.
Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the smallest working units of all
living things.
• All cells come from preexisting cells
through cell division.
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Our job today is to figure out…..
What are the two types of cells?
• Summarize the two types of cells
• How are these cells different?
• How are these cells similar?
Two Types of Cells
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Diagram comparison
• With your partner, each of you will look at
the diagram that is given to you. You
should analyze that diagram for
characteristics that are different and
similar.
• Once you are done, pair up and teach
each other about your particular cell.
Prokaryotic
• NO nucleus
• Do not have
structures
surrounded by
membranes
• Few internal
structures
• One-celled
organisms,
Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic
• HAS nucleus
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Animal
Plant
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Cell Parts
Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Wall
• Most commonly found
in plant cells &
bacteria
• F: Supports &
protects cells
• D: A structural layer
surrounding plant
cells.
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell Membrane
• F: Controls movement in
and out of the cell
• D: Double layer outer
membrane of cell.
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
With your partner, summarize
the outside parts of the cell.
• What are the outside parts?
• Which types of cells are these parts found
in?
Inside the Cell
Nucleus
F: Directs cell activities,
contains genetic material –
DNA
D: Separated from
cytoplasm by nuclear
membrane
Nuclear Membrane
F: Openings allow
material to enter and
leave nucleus
D: Surrounds nucleus.
Made of two layers
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Nucleolus
F: Contains RNA to
build proteins
D: Inside nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cytoplasm
F: Protects the organelles in the cell.
D: Gel-like mixture inside the cell.
Mitochondria
F: Produces energy through
chemical reactions –
breaking down fats &
carbohydrates. Controls level
of water and other materials
in cell
D: Rod-shaped organelles
with folded membranes
inside.
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Endoplasmic Reticulum
F:Moves materials around
in cell
D: Flattened membrane that
surrounds the nucleus.
• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in
surface
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Ribosomes
F: Make proteins
D: Found floating within
the cytoplasm or attached
to the endoplasmic
reticulum. Each cell
contains thousands
FACT: found in both
eukaryote and
prokaryote!!!
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Golgi Bodies
F: Transporting and
packaging proteins and
lipids. Protein
'packaging area‘.
D: Series of
compartments
consisting of two main
networks.
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chloroplast
F: Where
photosynthesis takes
place
D: Disk shaped pods
usually found in plant
cells that contain green
chlorophyll.
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vacuoles
F: Storage, digestion,
and waste removal
• Help plants maintain
shape
D: Membrane-bound
sacs
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Lysosome
F: Digestive ‘area' for
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates. Transports
undigested material to cell
membrane for removal
D: Membrane-enclosed
organelle
• Cell breaks down if
lysosome explodes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chromosomes
F: Contain instructions
for traits &
characteristics
D: In nucleus made of
DNA
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Copy and answer the
questions in your journal.
1. What stores and transports energy throughout
the cell?
2. Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
3. Which organelle holds the cell together?
4. Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
5. Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
Quick Check for Understanding
• What stores and transports energy throughout the
cell?
Mitochondria
• Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
• Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membrane
• Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
• Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
Chloroplasts
Organelle Job Gallery Walk
Plant vs. Animal cell
1. You have two diagrams at your table. One diagram
is a plant cell, the other diagram is an animal cell.
People sitting on the left will have plant cell, people
on the right will have the animal cell diagram.
2. Look at the organelles included in your cell
diagram.
3. Complete the chart inside the plant vs. animal cell
foldable. Place a check mark in each organelle box if
that cell HAS that organelle.
“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu /~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
With your partner discuss
Animal vs. Plant
1. Draw a Venn Diagram underneath the plant vs. animal cell
foldable.
• Use the organelles key to compare the
animal and the plant cell
• What are the main differences in animal
and plant cells?
Complete the following in your journal
Match the letter of the function to its corresponding cell part. Use a CAPITAL letter
only.
a. Organelle that makes protein
b. Powerhouse of cell; produces energy
c. Control center of cell; contains DNA
d. Protective barrier; gate keeper
e. All living organisms are made of these
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Eukaryotic Cell
Nucleus
Lysosome
Ribosome
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Cell
Cell Theory
Vacuole
f. digests waste material; cleans up the cell
g. Basic cell that has a nucleus
h. helps plants make their own food; green
i. States various laws regarding cells
j. Storage area for food and waste
Quick organelle review
Guess that organelle!?!
Guess that organelle!?!
Guess that organelle!?!
Guess that organelle!?!
Guess that organelle!?!
Guess that organelle!?!
Guess that organelle!?!
Name that cell!
Name that cell!
Name those cells!
Name those cells!
*Centrioles
Cell City
Cells are the smallest
units that are capable of
performing life functions!
You need to re-create the
cell as if it was a city!
Think about the
organelles, their jobs, and
how they work together
like a small community.
Your city should have a
name!
Cell City!
Plant and Animal for sale!!!
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_hxA-arE0
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=onMXz
ujXiDQ
How do you make a sale???? Let’s see how
these AMAZING car salesman make it
sooooooo eazeee!!!
Plant and Animal Cell Sale!
• You are trying desperately to sell all of the
cells that you can due to an influx of
supplies. In the brochures you will be
passing out, you must include all of the
cell parts with descriptive details (to let the
customer know that these aren’t faulty
cells) and entice the reader to buy the
cells.
Everything MUST GO!!!!
Single Celled
Organisms
(Uni-Cellular)
Learning Goals
• Compare the structures and life functions
of single celled organisms that carry out all
the basic functions of life including:
Euglena, Amoeba, Paramecium, Volvox.
• Single-celled organisms have similar and
unique structures and life functions that
allow them to survive and reproduce.
Essential Questions
• How are the single-celled organisms
similar and different when talking about
habitat, movement, food, classification and
reproduction?
• How do the structures of Euglena,
Amoeba, Paramecium, and Volvox help
them perform basic life functions?
Beginning Brainstorm
• Think about essential things your body
does that allows you to survive and live.
• What are things we do to survive/live and
why are they important?
Single Celled Organisms
Introduction
• Protists are organisms that make
up one of the six kingdoms of
living things.
• Most protists are microscopic.
• Most protists are single-celled.
• The way in which cells function is
similar in all living organisms.
What are the single cell organisms
that we are going to learn about?
•
•
•
•
Amoeba
Euglena
Paramecium
Volvox
Meet
Euglena!
• Euglena is also a eukaryotic cell.
• Euglena is classified as both plant like and
animal like.
• Euglena is a type of algae.
What does Euglena eat?
• What does Euglena
eat?
• If light is available, will
make own food using
photosynthesis.
• If no light is available,
will eat other protists
(amoebas and
paramecium).
Neat Fact!
• Euglena can see by using a red “eyespot”
which is used for sensing light!
How does Euglena move?
• Euglena moves by using a flagella that
whips back and forth.
Where does Euglena live?
• Euglena lives in
ponds, rivers,
and marshes.
• Some live in
oceans and
swimming pools.
Reproduction of Euglena
• Euglena reproduces
by splitting in half
(asexual reproduction/
mitosis)
• 1 splits in half and
makes an identical
new euglena.
• Euglena will only
reproduce if well fed
and in warm
temperatures.
Euglena life span
• Euglena live about 3 weeks.
• Euglena also does NOT age!
Meet Amoeba
Amoeba is a eukaryote cell.
What does Amoeba eat?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7IN7HTWzLs&ebc=ANyPxKqzb7284BE0za3emZlp
Y-tj-
How does Amoeba move?
• Amoeba moves by
using pseudopods or
by changing the
shape of its body.
Where do Amoeba live?
• Amoeba lives in lakes, ponds, streams,
rivers, or puddles.
• Some amoeba live in soil and as parasites
in moist body parts of animals.
Reproduction
• Reproduces by splitting in half (asexual
reproduction/ mitosis).
• When amoeba splits in half, it makes 2
identical new amoebas.
Amoeba life span
• Lives up to two days!
Meet Paramecium!
• Paramecium is
a eukaryotic
cell.
What does Paramecium eat?
• Paramecium feeds
on other organisms.
• Uses cilia to sweep
food into the
“mouth” and then
surrounds it in a
food vacuole.
How does Paramecium move?
• Paramecium moves by using cilia (small
“hair-like” structures on the outside of the
cell).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sn3MTYNe8mM
Environment for Paramecium
• in freshwater, brackish, and marine
environments and are often very abundant
in stagnant basins and ponds.
Paramecium lifespan
• Can live for 100-1000’s (even millions) of
years if left alone
Meet Volvox!
• Classified as
Plant-like.
• Also as a
eukaryotic cell.
• Are a type of
algae
How does Volvox eat?
• If light is available,
will make own food
using
photosynthesis. (has
chloroplasts that
contain chlorophyll).
• Also has an
“eyespot” which is
used for sensing
light.
How does Volvox move?
• Moves using 2 flagella (that beat together
to roll the ball through water).
• And, it’s REALLY cool!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8xs8F9gln0
Where does Volvox live?
• Lives in puddles, ditches, shallow ponds and bogs (wet spongy
ground; especially : a poorly drained usually acid area).
Lifespan of Volvox
• Lives about 2 days!
Contains
chlorophyll
Movement
1.
2.
3.
4.
How does
How does
How does
How does
Euglena move?
Amoeba move?
Paramecium move?
Volvox move?
Eat
1.
2.
3.
4.
How does
How does
How does
How does
Euglena eat?
Amoeba eat?
Paramecium eat?
Volvox eat?
Unique Characteristic
1. What is a unique
Euglena?
2. What is a unique
Amoeba?
3. What is a unique
Paramecium?
4. What is a unique
Volvox?
characteristic of
characteristic of
characteristic of
characteristic of
What am I?
What am I?
What am I?
What am I?
What is an eyespot? Which
single celled organism(s) have
an eyespot?
What’s is the tail of the euglena
called?
What is the unique feature of
the amoeba called?
How does the amoeba use it’s
uniqueness?
Life is organized into 5 levels:
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms
Populations
Ecosystems
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
There are 5 Levels of
Organization in Multicellular
Organisms:
1. Cells
2. Tissues
3. Organs
4. Organ Systems
5. Organisms
6. Population
7. Ecosystem
The cell is the basic
unit of structure and
function of a living
thing.
Cells are specialized by
size and shape for the
job they do
The amoeba above is
made of only one cell
and it must perform all
the jobs of the
organism.
T I S S U E S
Tissues are made of the same type of cells
grouped together to do a specific job.
Examples: 4 different types of animal
tissues are epithelial, muscle, nervous, and
connective. This pink sponge has only
cells but they are not organized into
tissues. The blue Man-o-war has tissues
but no organs.
Organs
Organs are made up of different tissues
that work together to do a job.
Example: a heart is an
organ made of all four
tissues, this coral polyp
is an organ and a leaf is a
plant organ.
Organ Systems
An organ system is a group of
organs working together.
Example: Human organ systems include
circulatory, reproductive, digestive, nervous,
respiratory.
Plant organ system-roots, stems,leaves=
transport system.
Organisms
Sum of all cells, tissues, organs and organ
systems makes an organism.
Population
A group of the same type of organisms all
living together in the same place.
Ecosystem
Populations living together in one area.
Biosphere
All the ecosystems around the world make
up the biosphere.