* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 44401 Molecular biology of the cell
Survey
Document related concepts
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Endomembrane system wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
1. COURSE DECRIPTION – GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. Course teacher Maja Matulić, Ivica Rubelj 1.2. Name of the course Molecular biology of the cell 1.3. Associate teachers 1.4. Study programme (undergraduate, graduate, integrated) Graduate study of molecular biology obligatory 1.5. Status of the course 1.6. Year and semester of study 1.7. Credit value (ECTS) 1.8. Type of instruction (number of hours L+S+E+e-learning) 1.9. Expected enrolment in the course 1.10. Level of use of e-learning (1, 2, 3 level), percentage of instruction in the course on line (20% maximum) 1st year, W 8 3+1+3 30-40 10 % 2. COURSE DESCRIPTION 2.1. Course objectives 2.2. Enrolment requirements and required entry competences for the course 2.3. Learning outcomes at the level of the study programme to which the course contributes 2.4. Expected learning outcomes at the level of the course (4-10 learning outcomes) 2.5. Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus) Understanding internal cell organization and its behaviour as a reaction on internal and external influences: making holistic picture of interconnection of organelle structure, their function and mechanisms of cell regulation. Understanding the processes in the cell: how are they regulated in dependence on inner cell needs and external signals and which are processes of differentiation, senescence, proliferation and cell death cell biology, genetics, biochemistry connecting previously acquired knowledge from biochemistry, genetics, cell biology with new information in a holistic image of organization and mechanisms which maintain the cell alive in dependence on external and inner signals to explain the mechanisms of regulation of intracellular trafficking to explain the mechanisms of regulation of cellular cytoskeleton to explain the interrelationship between structure and function of nuclear domains to explain the pathways of cell cycle regulation and mitosis to explain the mechanisms of cellular signalling and reaction on extracellular cues to explain the pathways of cellular processes during differentiation, senescence and cell death Lectures 1. Introduction: basic structure of eukaryotic cell; endosymbiotic theory Types of molecular transport in the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): targeting proteins to and across the ER, protein folding and quality control in the ER, protein N glycosylation, functions of smooth ER, lipid synthesis, vesicular traffic between ER and Golgi 2.Structure and function of Golgi apparatus. Protein O-glycosylation, complex glycoprotein synthesis, lysosome structure, protein targeting to lysosomes, lysosomal storage diseases, mechanisms of retrograde transport, vesicle structure, Rab and SNARE molecules, endocytic and exocytic pathways, vesicle trafficking in polar cells, transcellular transport. 1 3.Posttranslational transport. Targeting of proteins to mitochondria and chloroplasts, structure and formation of peroxisomes, targeting of peroxisomal proteins, peroxisome functions. Specific protein synthesis and vesicular traffic in hematopoietic cells and in the defence against microorganisms. 4.Structure and function of the nucleus. Structure of the nuclear envelope and lamina, link between cytosol cytoskeleton and chromatin through transmembrane proteins of nuclear membrane and nuclear matrix, mechanisms of nuclear envelope breakdown and reconstitution during mitosis, laminopathies, transport into and out of the nucleus, regulation of transcription through localization in the nucleus, structure and function of nuclear bodies: nucleolus, Cajal body, PML etc. 5.Cytoskeleton. Basic principles of organization and common feature of three types of cytoskeleton: actin, intermediate filaments and microtubules. Actin cytoskeleton: basic structure, filament organization, the role of regulatory proteins, molecular motors, organization and regulation of skeletal muscle contraction and contractile bundles in nonmuscle cells, cell migration, Rho family proteins, cell polarization and intercellular connections. 6.Microtubules. Basic structure and organization of microtubules, regulatory proteins, molecular motors kinesins and dyneins and their role in the cell: organelle trafficking and localization, structure of the cilium, centrosome, centrioles, centriole cycle, functions of sensory cilia, ciliopathies Intermediate filaments: types and specificities, regulation of lamin polymerization, desmosome structure, neurofilaments. 7.Cell cycle regulation: discovery of the cell cycle mechanism, structure and regulation of maturation promotion factor – cycline B/cdc2, downstream processes leading to entrance in mitosis, restriction point and regulation of entrance in S phase, mechanisms of control of DNA replication and proper chromosome segregation in mitosis, role of pRb protein, regulation on control points in G1 and G2 phase. Mechanics of mitosis. Processes in prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, mechanisms of spindle formation and its connection to kinetochores, mechanisms of proper chromosome segregation in metaphase, control of time and place of cytokinesis, asymmetric division. 8.Extracellular matrix: basic structure of proteoglycans and fibrilar proteins, structure of proteoglycans, collagen, laminin, fibronectin; structure and function of basal lamina; signalling pathways by which extracellular matrix components regulate the cellular processes and by which the cell shape the extracellular matrix. Cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. Structure and function of tight junctions, gap junctions, adhesion junctions between cells and cells and extracellular matrix: adherens junction, focal adhesion, hemidesmosomes, desmosomes, selectins. 9. Signalling in the cell: basic pathways of signalling in the organism, signalling molecules that act locally and at a distance, discovery of the growth factors, cellular receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors, signal transduction through G proteins, MAP kinase pathway, signalling through protein kinase A and camp, phospholipase C, secondary 2 messengers, diacylglycerole, inositol 3 phosphate, survival pathways through phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase and Akt activation; Calcium as a messenger, signalling through transcription factor NF kappa B, pathways activated by TGF beta, pathways connected with cytoskeleton; mechanisms of tumorigenesis connected with signalling pathways 10. Tumour suppressors: basic division according to their function, history of their discovery, pRb, molecules involved in DNA damage repair as tumour suppressors and their connection with inherited diseases, molecules in developmental pathways as tumour suppressors: wnt pathway, Hedgehog, neurofibromatosis I and II. Tumour suppressors in the regulation of cell death. Mechanism of p53 function: mechanisms of its activation, cell and damage specific activation, downstream processes, signalling shut off. PoliADPribosylation as a parallel way of DNA damage response. 11. Regulation of gene expression. Mechanisms of regulation of transcription: general and specific transcription factors, structure of basic types of transcription factors, the role of noncoding RNA and chromatin modifications, histones and DNA as regulators of transcription, chromatin remodelling by molecular remodelators, principle of combinatorics and regulatory circles in organism development. 12. Cell differentiation. Characteristics and types of stem cells, regulation of stem cell maintenance, mechanisms of establishment of induced pluripotent cells and other ways of cellular reprogramming (cell fusion, nuclear transfer), somatic stem cell niches in the organism: niches of neural, epithelial, hematopoietic and mesenchymal cells. Principles of differentiation: gradient concentration of morphogenes and contact induction, principles of asymmetric cell division and cellular polarization by external and intrinsic factors, the role of master transcription factors and principle of combinatorics in development, examples of cell differentiation in drosophila, in muscle development etc. 13. Aging. Structure and function of telomeres in senescence and carcinogenesis. Theories of aging. Cellular senescence. Telomere structure. Telomerase. Senescence on the level of the cell and organism. Senescence and carcinogenesis. Aging as an evolution strategy. Organisms that do not age. Exercises: Exercises are organised in the way that allow individual practical work. They are based on the cell culture techniques. Individual exercises are complete experiments which comprise cell cultivation, their treatment and analysis of collected data. At the end, students are obliged to write a final report which is analysed together. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry and cell synchronization in the culture cellular DNA synthesis follow up by incorporation of labelled DNA precursor molecules apoptosis follow up by staining the cells with fluorescent dyes and their analysis under fluorescent microscope detection of senescent cells in culture cell fusion fluorescent microscopy of cell organelles labelled by molecules fused with green fluorescent protein 3 7. follow up of autophagy by acridine orange staining 8. analysis of cell tumorigenicity by growth in “soft agar” Seminar Each student will have a seminar made according to scientific article on the topic connected with the lectures which is broadening certain aspects of given material. 2.6. Type of instruction 2.8. Student responsibilities 2.9. Screening of student’s work (specify the proportion of ECTS credits for each activity so that the total number of CTS credits is equal to the credit value of the course)): 2.1. Grading and evaluation of student work over the course of instruction and at a final exam x x x lectures 2.7. Comments: x independent study seminars and workshops x multimedia and the internet exercises x laboratory online in entirety work with the mentor mixed e-learning (other) field work attendance of lectures, seminars and exercises, written report on excercises, seminar lecture Research Practical training Class attendance Experimental work Report 0.4 (Other--describe) Essay Seminar essay Tests 1.8 Oral exam 3.6 (Other—describe) Written exam 1.8 Project (Other—describe) Follow up during seminar lectures and exercises. Possibility of two partial exams. Title 2.2. Required literature (available at the library and via other media) 2.12. Optional literature (at the time of Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002): Molecular biology of the cell, Garland Publishing, New York. Cooper G. M (2000): The cell: a molecular approach, ASM Press Washington DC, Sinauer Ass. Sunderland Massachusett scientific papers in relevant journals Number of copies at the library 3 13 Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, i sur. (2000): Molecular Cell Biology. 4. ed. New York: W. H. Freeman 4 0.4 Availability via other media x x x the submission of the study programme proposal) 2.13. Methods of monitoring quality that ensure acquisition of exit competences report on exercises, individual seminar lecture, written and oral exam 5