Download cells and their organelles

Cells and Their Organelles
The cell is the basic unit of life. When cells group together they form tissues. For
example, your body has muscle tissue which is a group of cells performing the same
job. When a group of tissues combine to do the same job, they become organs.
Your heart and lungs are great examples of organs. Sometimes, organs work
together to perform the same job. These organs group together and are called
organ systems. For example, all of the nerves in your body are connected together
to form the nervous system. Lastly, when a living thing has all of these parts, we
refer to it as an organism.
1.
At what level of organization does life begin?
2.
There are 5 levels to the organization of life (how life groups together to
form bigger parts). Place them in the proper order from smallest to largest:
Organization of Life
Example (other than those listed above!)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. The cell membrane is semipermeable,
allowing some substances to pass into the cell while blocking others. The cell
membrane acts like a guard allowing some stuff in while keeping other stuff out.
Plant cells have an additional layer surrounding them called the cell wall. The cell
wall is made of nonliving material called cellulose. The cell wall provides support and
allows plants to grow much taller than animals.
Label:
Cell membrane; cell wall
3.
What surrounds all cells?
4.
What is meant by semipermeable?
5.
What additional layer is found around the outside of plant cells?
The nucleus is a round organelle which serves as the brain of a cell, controlling
many of the jobs. The nucleus contains DNA assembled into chromosomes.
Chromosomes, shaped like an “X” or squiggly line inside the nucleus, are responsible
for growth and reproduction. They help insure that any new cells are perfect
copies.
Also inside the nucleus is the nucleolus which is responsible for making ribosomes.
Ribosomes venture out of the nucleus and into the cell and are responsible for
making proteins. Outside of the nucleus is a jellylike material called the cytoplasm.
The cytoplasm is a jelly-like fluid that helps materials and organelles move within
the cell.
Label:
Nucleolus; nucleus; cytoplasm; ribosomes
6.
Where is DNA found inside a cell?
7.
What is the job of the nucleus?
8.
DNA coils tightly and assembles into visible
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___.
9.
Where are organelles located?
10. Where are proteins made in a cell?
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a vast system of connected, folded sacks that
are located in the cell's cytoplasm. The ER is usually near the nucleus and looks like
spaghetti. Parts of the ER are covered with ribosomes giving it a rough appearance.
The ER helps transport materials through the cell sending them to the Golgi body.
Golgi body, also referred to as Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex, is a flattened,
layered organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes (when we see it from the side
it looks like French fries). The Golgi body packages proteins and gets them ready
to be "exported" from the cell.
Label:
11.
ER; Golgi body
What is the job of the ER?
12. Parts of the ER are rough and covered with this organelle, ____________.
13. Golgi body ___________ proteins for export out of the cell.
Chloroplasts are round organelles containing a green pigment called chlorophyll that
trap sunlight for energy. Chloroplast looks like a green pepperoni pizza (/).
Photosynthesis (energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy - food)
takes place in the chloroplasts. Only plant cells, not animal cells, can make their
own food. Therefore, only plants have chloroplast.
Cells also contain fluid-filled sacs called vacuoles. The vacuole fills with food being
digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell. In plant cells, a large
central vacuole takes up most of the space in the cell.
Mitochondria are hot dog-shaped organelles. The mitochondria convert the energy
stored in glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell.
Both plant and animal cells contain round organelles called lysosomes that contain
digestive enzymes. Nutrients are digested by the cell here as well as old cell
organelles that are going to be recycled. The lysosome is similar to your stomach.
Label:
Chloroplast; vacuoles; mitochondria; lysosome
14. What process takes place inside chloroplasts?
15. What is the energy for this process?
16. What pigment traps the energy?
17. Chloroplasts are found in what type of cell(s)?
18. Mitochondria provide this type of energy to the cell, ______________.
19. Food, water, and wastes are stored inside ______________.
20. Digestion takes place inside _____________.
21. The largest organelle in plants is the _____________.
22. What organelle breaks down and recycles worn out cell parts?
Directions: Label the parts of the plant and animal cell.
Animal Cell
Plant cell