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Transcript
Bell Work • Where does cellular respiration take place in the cell? • Where does photosynthesis take place in the cell? Biology – Lecture 43 Cell Storage Facilities Vacuoles • Storage Bins (bubbles) in the Cells • Large in plant cells, small in animal cells • Plant cell volume depends on the size of the vacuole. Vacuoles • In a factory, vacuoles would be storage facilities • store food nutrients or water a cell might need to survive • store waste products so the rest of the cell is protected from contamination Vacuole Structure • membrane that surrounds a mass of fluid In Plants • When water is scarce, vacuoles are empty and plants droop. • When water is plentiful, plants stand tall because of the full vacuole. • They still look like plants because the cell wall holds them up even with empty vacuoles. Ribosomes • Make Proteins (enzymes/support for other cell functions) • Connect one amino acid at a time and build long chains to make proteins • In a factory, ribosomes are the construction workers. Where are Ribosomes • In the cytoplasm (proteins used in the cell) • In the endoplasmic reticulum (proteins used in the cell and transported outside the cell) Making Proteins • mRNA made in the nucleus is sent to the ribsomes • two subunits come together and lock onto the mRNA to start making the protein by pulling amino acids off of tRNA floating in the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum • The packaging system of the cell • In a factory, it would be the packing center The Endoplasmic Reticulum • Works with the Golgi apparatus, ribososmes, RNA, mRNA, and tRNA. The Endoplasmic Structure • Rough ER • Has ribosomes attached to it • Looks bumpy • Smooth ER • No ribosomes • Looks like tubes Endoplasmic Reticulum The Purpose of the ER • Smooth ER - storage organelle • Stores steroids and ions The Purpose of the ER • Rough ER - When protein synthesis is completed by ribosomes they are sent to the Rough ER. • It pinches off a vesicle. • That vesicle (bubble) can move to the cell membrane or the Golgi apparatus. The Process Golgi Apparatus • (Golgi complex, Golgi Body) • packaging organelle like the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) The Golgi’s Job • Gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex • Big molecules are made into vesicles • builds lysosomes (cell digestion machines) • In plants, creates complex sugars and sends them off in secretory vesicles. How are Vesicles Created? • In the same way the ER does it. • The vesicles are pinched off the membranes and float through the cell. Working with the ER • When a protein is made in the ER, so is a transition vesicle is made. • Vesicles float to the Golgi. • The Golgi uses what it wants, then releases it with a secretory vesicle back to the cytoplasm. • The vesicle moves to the cell membrane and the molecules are released out of the cell. Golgi Apparatus Golgi Structure • A series of membranes shaped like pancakes. • The membrane surrounds an area of fluid where the complex molecules (proteins, sugars, enzymes) are stored and changed. • Because the Golgi complex absorbs vesicles from the rough ER, you will also find ribosomes inside.