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Bell Work
• Where does cellular respiration take place in
the cell?
• Where does photosynthesis take place in the
cell?
Biology – Lecture 43
Cell Storage Facilities
Vacuoles
• Storage Bins (bubbles) in the Cells
• Large in plant cells, small in animal cells
• Plant cell volume depends on the size of the
vacuole.
Vacuoles
• In a factory, vacuoles would be storage
facilities
• store food nutrients or water a cell might need
to survive
• store waste products so the rest of the cell is
protected from contamination
Vacuole Structure
• membrane that surrounds a mass of fluid
In Plants
• When water is scarce, vacuoles are empty and
plants droop.
• When water is plentiful, plants stand tall
because of the full vacuole.
• They still look like plants because the cell wall
holds them up even with empty vacuoles.
Ribosomes
• Make Proteins (enzymes/support for other cell
functions)
• Connect one amino acid at a time and build
long chains to make proteins
• In a factory, ribosomes are the construction
workers.
Where are Ribosomes
• In the cytoplasm (proteins used in the cell)
• In the endoplasmic reticulum (proteins used in
the cell and transported outside the cell)
Making Proteins
• mRNA made in the nucleus is sent to the
ribsomes
• two subunits come together and lock onto the
mRNA to start making the protein by pulling
amino acids off of tRNA floating in the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• The packaging system of the cell
• In a factory, it would be the packing center
The Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Works with the Golgi apparatus, ribososmes,
RNA, mRNA, and tRNA.
The Endoplasmic Structure
• Rough ER
• Has ribosomes attached to it
• Looks bumpy
• Smooth ER
• No ribosomes
• Looks like tubes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Purpose of the ER
• Smooth ER - storage organelle
• Stores steroids and ions
The Purpose of the ER
• Rough ER - When protein synthesis is
completed by ribosomes they are sent to the
Rough ER.
• It pinches off a vesicle.
• That vesicle (bubble) can move to the cell
membrane or the Golgi apparatus.
The Process
Golgi Apparatus
• (Golgi complex, Golgi Body)
• packaging organelle like the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
The Golgi’s Job
• Gathers simple molecules and combines them
to make molecules that are more complex
• Big molecules are made into vesicles
• builds lysosomes (cell digestion machines)
• In plants, creates complex sugars and sends
them off in secretory vesicles.
How are Vesicles Created?
• In the same way the ER does it.
• The vesicles are pinched off the membranes
and float through the cell.
Working with the ER
• When a protein is made in the ER, so is a
transition vesicle is made.
• Vesicles float to the Golgi.
• The Golgi uses what it wants, then releases it
with a secretory vesicle back to the cytoplasm.
• The vesicle moves to the cell membrane and
the molecules are released out of the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Structure
• A series of membranes shaped like pancakes.
• The membrane surrounds an area of fluid
where the complex molecules (proteins,
sugars, enzymes) are stored and changed.
• Because the Golgi complex absorbs vesicles
from the rough ER, you will also find
ribosomes inside.