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Transcript
Advances in Genetics Selective Breeding • The process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be parents of the next generation is called selective breeding • The corn we use today is a great example! • 2 techniques • Inbreeding • hybridization Inbreeding • Inbreeding involves crossing two individuals that have similar characteristics • Inbred organisms have alleles very similar to their parents • This increases the chance of a genetic disorder showing in the offspring Hybridization • Breeders cross 2 genetically different individuals • Trying to get the best traits of both parents Cloning • Clones have exactly the same genes as the organism that produces it • Some organisms do this naturally • Kings Holly • African Violet Genetic Engineering • Transfer genes from one organism into the DNA of another organism • Produces medicines and improves food crops • insulin Other uses • Human genes can be inserted into cows • Cows produce protein coded in Human DNA through their milk • Can produce the blood clotting protein needed for hemophilia Genetic Engineering in Crops • Can produce crops that survive harsh weather • Crops that protect against insects • Crops that grow in poor soil conditions Gene Therapy • Correcting genetic disorders in humans • Replace alleles that cause genetic disorders • We are still working on this Concerns • Is it safe? • Genetic engineering is fairly recent in science, there are worries about long term affects to humans and the environment Learning about Human Genetics • Human Genome Project • DNA Fingerprinting Human Genome Project • Genome is all the DNA in one cell of an organism • Goal of the project is to identify the DNA sequence in every gene of the human genome • Human DNA has at least 30,000 genes • The average gene is 3,000 bases DNA Finger Printing • Used to identify and show relations between people • Except for identical twins, no 2 people have the same DNA finger print
