Download The Structure and Function of Cells

The Structure and Function of
Cells
Cell Bellwork #1
• Did you bring your representative organelle from
home? (If not, find something really quick!)
• Do you know where these life functions are
carried out in a cell?
– Nutrition
- Regulation
– Transport - Reproduction
– Respiration - Metabolism
– Excretion - Homeostasis
– Synthesis - Growth
Metabolism occurs in all organelles!!
Transport
Excretion
Reproduction
Nutrition
Excretion
Synthesis
Respiration
Synthesis
Reproduction, Growth,
Regulation & Homeostasis
Synthesis
Transport
How do cells communicate?
• Cell Phones!!!
• What do you call an amoeba that won’t
share?
• Cell-fish!!
Figure 2.1 The hierarchy of biological order from atom to organism
The Cell Theory
• Parts
–The cell is the basic unit of
structure of an organism.
–The cell is the basic unit of
function.
–All cells arise from pre-existing
cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek:
Invented the First Microscope
Robert
Hooke:
Coined the
word “cell”
Robert Brown discovered the
Nucleus
Matthias Schleiden
was a botanist who
helped create the cell
theory.
Theodor Schwann studied
animals and contributed
to the cell theory.
Rudolph Virchow was
the first to say that all
cells came from
preexisting cells.
Exceptions to the cell theory1. Where did the first cell come from?
2. What about Viruses?
- not a cell, but can reproduce if inside another
cell
- on the bridge between living and nonliving
CELL STRUCTURES
• ORGANELLES – tiny structures that make
up cells
• CELL MEMBRANE – Semipermeable
– Allows certain substances in and keeps other
substances out
– Made up of lipids and proteins
– Cholesterol
• Helps maintain the structure of the cell membrane
Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
Excretion
Cytoplasm
The jelly-like, liquid portion of the cell that
holds the organelles in place.
Cytoplasm
– Cyclosis – the cytoplasm moving organelles
around the cell (cytoplasmic streaming)
The
• Brain of the cell
(controls cell activites)
• The nucleus has a
membrane (envelope)
• Prokaryotes – lack a
nucleus.
• Eukaryotes – have a
nucleus
Nucleus
Reproduction & Growth
Regulation & Homeostasis
Prokaryotes lack these compartments
One more thing to worry
about…
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotes
• NO NUCLEUS
• Have a cell
membrane and
cytoplasm…but no
organelles
• Carry out life
processes
Eukaryotes
• HAVE NUCLEUS
• Have organelles
contained within the
cytoplasm
• Carry out life
processes
What’s inside the nucleus?
• Chromosomes
• DNA
(deoxyribonucleic
acid) – genetic code
Chromatin
• Chromatin is tangled
masses of DNA inside
the nucleus
• Chromatin condenses
into chromosomes
right before cell
division begins.
Nucleolus
• Contains protein and
RNA (ribonucleic
acid)…
• Makes ribosomes
Synthesis
Ribosomes
• Make protein
• Found free floating in
the cytoplasm or on the
endoplasmic
reticulum.
Synthesis
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(ER)
• 2 Types - Rough and
Smooth ER
• Used for transport in
the cell
Rough – has ribosomes
Smooth – does not have ribosomes
Synthesis and Transport
Excretion
Mitochondrion
• Powerhouse of the Cell!!!
• Cell Respiration
occurs here!
• Do you remember what
cell respiration makes???
• Energy!!
• Folded inner membrane
increases surface area!!!
• Remember that the
energy is in the form of
ATP!!
Cell Bellwork #2
• Did you bring a page size picture of your
assigned organelle? If not, please print or draw
one right now!!
• Now that we have looked at some of the
organelles, can you tell me where some of these
life functions are carried out in a cell?
– Nutrition
- Regulation
– Transport - Reproduction
– Respiration - Metabolism
– Excretion - Homeostasis
– Synthesis - Growth
Golgi
Apparatus
• Packaging center of the
cell.
• Along with the smooth
ER, it also helps to
detoxify!
• It makes vesicles to help
with transport
Golgi Body Secreting Vesicles
Transport
Lysosomes
• Contain digestive
enzymes
• Digest old worn out
parts and invaders
• Lysosomes breaking down organelles
within a cell.
Nutrition
Vacuole
• Storage
• Hold food, oil, wastes
• HUGE in plant cells –
they usually only have
one!!
• smaller in animal cells –
usually have more than
one!!
Contractile Vacuoles
Pump excess water out of
Unicellular organisms.
Turgor pressure
• pressure exerted against the cell wall in a plant from
water in the vacuole
• When turgor pressure is present, plants are perky
instead of wilted!!
Centrioles (Animal Cells only)
Used during
cellular
reproduction
Centrioles
Cell Wall (Plant cell only)
Surrounds the cell membrane and
helps with structure and support in
plant cells.
Cell Wall
Cell membrane
Chloroplast (Plant cells only)
• Carry out
photosynthesis take energy from the
sun and make food.
• Contain chlorophyll,
so they’re green!
Photosynthesis
Lets put ‘em all together
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Animal Cell
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Golgi Apparatus
Animal Cells-Drawing
Plant Cell
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Major Differences between
Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cells
• No Centrioles
• Large vacuole
• Cell Wall
• Chloroplasts
• Usually rectangular
Animal Cells
•
•
•
•
•
Have centrioles
Small vacuoles
No cell wall
No Chloroplasts
Usually round
Figure 2.1 The hierarchy of biological order from atom to organism
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