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Transcript
Bio102: Introduction to Cell Biology and Genetics Cells and Organelles Key Terms: Cell Theory Prokaryote Eukaryote Organelle Plasma (Cell) Membrane Mitochondria Nucleoid Chloroplast Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Lysosome Vesicle Plasmid Cytoplasm Cytosol Cytoskeleton Endosymbiont Theory Surface Area-to-Volume Nucleolus Cell Wall Lecture Outline: Cell Theory 1. Cells are the basic unit of life (all life is cellular and smaller than a cell isn’t alive) 2. All cells come from other cells. Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells prokaryote no internal membranes (or true organelles). 1-10m eg bacteria eukaryote 10-100m always have interior membranes to separate compartments and true organelles may be multicellular eg animals, plants and fungi Survey of Organelles and Cell Structures Plasma Membrane (cell membrane) outside limit of each cell semi-permeable Cell Wall in plants, fungi and prokaryotes no cell walls in animal cells not a permeability barrier Nucleus, nuclear pores and nucleolus Mitochondria – two membranes, inner and outer. Intermembrane space (IMS) and Matrix "semi-autonomous" – has its own DNA Chloroplast – three membranes, inner, outer and thylakoid membranes also "semi-autonomous" Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) rough ER (with attached ribosomes) is a site of protein synthesis smooth ER (without ribosomes attached) is the site of lipid synthesis Golgi Complex Lysosomes Vesicles – membrane-bound sacs used to move cargo from one compartment to the next Cytoplasm and Cytosol Cytoskeleton is a dynamic structure Endosymbiont Theory Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio