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Bio102: Introduction to Cell Biology and Genetics
Cells and Organelles
Key Terms:
Cell Theory
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Organelle
Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Mitochondria
Nucleoid
Chloroplast
Ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Lysosome
Vesicle
Plasmid
Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Cytoskeleton
Endosymbiont Theory
Surface Area-to-Volume
Nucleolus
Cell Wall
Lecture Outline:
Cell Theory
1. Cells are the basic unit of life (all life is cellular and smaller than a cell isn’t alive)
2. All cells come from other cells.
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
prokaryote no internal membranes (or true organelles). 1-10m
eg bacteria
eukaryote 10-100m
always have interior membranes to separate compartments and true organelles
may be multicellular
eg animals, plants and fungi
Survey of Organelles and Cell Structures
Plasma Membrane (cell membrane)
outside limit of each cell
semi-permeable
Cell Wall in plants, fungi and prokaryotes
no cell walls in animal cells
not a permeability barrier
Nucleus, nuclear pores and nucleolus
Mitochondria – two membranes, inner and outer. Intermembrane space (IMS) and Matrix
"semi-autonomous" – has its own DNA
Chloroplast – three membranes, inner, outer and thylakoid membranes
also "semi-autonomous"
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
rough ER (with attached ribosomes) is a site of protein synthesis
smooth ER (without ribosomes attached) is the site of lipid synthesis
Golgi Complex
Lysosomes
Vesicles – membrane-bound sacs used to move cargo from one compartment to the next
Cytoplasm and Cytosol
Cytoskeleton is a dynamic structure
Endosymbiont Theory
Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio