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BIOLOGY
1st 9 weeks Benchmark Exam Study Guide
Name _______________________
Objective 1: Select appropriate laboratory glassware balances, time measuring equipment, and optical
instruments to conduct an experiment.
Use the following information to answer questions 1 – 4:
A scientist testing the effects of a chemical on flower production sprays one flower bed. A second flower bed does
not receive the chemical. Over several weeks, the number of flowers that bloom on each plant in each flower bed is
counted.
1. What is the independent (manipulated) variable in the experiment?
2. What is the control group in the experiment?
3. The flower bed sprayed with the chemical yields an average of 20 flowers by plant, the other flower bed yields
an average of 10 flowers per plant. Based on the data, what should the scientist’s conclusion be?
4. In order for the flower experiment to be valid scientifically, what must be kept the same between each flower
bed?
5. “Trust your instincts” is NOT considered a safety procedure. Why? What/whom should be consulted if in
doubt?
6. A possible answer to a question, or an educated guess, is a ______________.
7. In most stable desert environments, a particular species of lizard found are all female. However, when there are
extremely long periods of drought, or extremely high temperatures, male versions of the lizards can be found. A
scientist predicts that females are able to morph into male versions of the species during unfavorable
environmental conditions. This statement would be a ______________. Why? What would be the next step?
8. Which units are used for measuring the mass of an object?
9. Name this piece of equipment.
10. Name this piece of equipment.
11. The part of the experiment in which all parts are kept the same, so it can be used for comparison, is the ____.
12. What type of measurement could be taken with this piece of lab equipment?
Objective 2: Describe cell processes necessary for achieving homeostasis, including active and passive
transport, osmosis, diffusion, exocytosis, and endocytosis.
13. Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of ________ concentration to an area of ________
concentration.
14. Enzymes are classified as which type of organic compound?
15. Which group of organic compounds is used as a quick energy source, a structural component and some energy
storage?
16. What would happen if an animal cell were placed in a fluid that contained less salt than the cell? Explain.
17. Placing wilted lettuce in cold water will make it crisp again. Why?
18. Which cell process will move substances against a concentration gradient by using cellular energy?
19. The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass
through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called ______________.
20. Whenever water diffuses through a semi permeable membrane from higher to lower concentration, this is
called _______________.
21. When no energy is required for the molecules to move, such as in diffusion and osmosis, this is called
________ _________.
22. The ability of an organism or cell to maintain internal balance and stability by adjusting its physiological
processes is known as: _________________.
23. Describe the cell membrane.
24. Why will an animal cell burst when in a hypotonic solution, while a plant cell will not?
25. What direction will the salt molecules move in the picture below?
Objective 4: Describe similarities and differences of cell organelles, using diagrams and tables.
26. An instrument that allows light to pass through the specimen and uses two lenses to form an image is a(an)
_________ _______ ___________.
???
Contains
mitochondria
Has a nucleus
Is surrounded by a
cell wall made of
cellulose
Contains
chloroplasts
27. Which type of cell best completes the concept map? Explain.
Ribosome
Cell A
Cell B
Cell C
Cell D
√
√
√
√
Cell
Wall
√
√
√
Chloroplast
√
Nuclear
membrane
√
√
√
Cell
Membrane
√
√
√
√
28. Which of the cells characterized in the chart is a prokaryotic cell? Explain.
29. Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from prokaryotic cells because of the presence of one primary structure.
What structure would this be? Explain.
30 – 33: Describe the function of each organelle.
30.
31.
32.
33.
nucleus
chloroplast
vacuole
lysosome
34. Identify #1 and #2 above and their function.
35. Which organelle is the “powerhouse” of the cell? What does this mean?
36. Short hair-like projections on a cell’s surface that beat like tiny oars to propel the organism through fluids are
called ___________.
37. A long whip of a tail-like projection on a cell’s surface that functions in locomotion is a _____________.
38. All of the internal membrane-bound structures in a cell are called _____________.