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Genetics 466 Fall 2008 Sean Carroll PROBLEM SET #5 (lectures 24-27) 1. Understand the following terms involved in the genetics of animal development. segmentation prepattern zygotic function spatial regulation homeotic repressor gene complex genetic hierarchy Hox cluster pattern formation maternal effect cis-regulatory element Balanced lethal gap gene DNA-binding protein pair-rule gene homeobox segment polarity gene combinatorial control morphogen gradient dominant mutation activator recessive lethal helix-turn-helix 2. How can you tell if a gene is required zygotically and/or has a maternal effect? 3. How does the bicoid protein gradient form? 4. You have isolated mutants in a gene that you think specifies the development of the fly antenna. How would you test your idea further? 1 Genetics 466 Fall 2008 Sean Carroll 5. You believe that the product of your antenna gene turns on other genes in the antenna. How would you test this idea? What materials would you need? What parts of the regulated genes must you identify? How would you verify a direct interaction in vitro and in vivo, between the protein and candidate target genes? 6. You find that your “antenna” gene is closely linked to genes involved in leg and proboscis formation. What might you predict about the structure, function, and evolution of this gene? 7. The position of the second stripe of even-skipped gene expression is determined by various trans- or cis-acting factors. What are these factors? What are two different kinds of genetic mutations that would cause the stripe not to form? What kind of mutation could cause the stripe to expand? 2