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NAME:____________________________
MODERN GENETICS REVIEW QUESTIONS I - HONORS
1. Consider the following diagram of a DNA molecule:
a. Label the diagram with the following terms: hydrogen bond, phosphodiester
bond, deoxyribose, phosphate group. (Use each term only once)
b. Label ALL the nitrogenous bases present with the appropriate letter (A,C,G,T).
c. What part of the DNA molecule actually contains the hereditary information?
2. Briefly describe the process of replication. Where in the cell does replication occur?
When in the cell cycle does replication occur?
3. List three ways in which RNA is different from DNA. (One of the listed differences
must be the difference in nitrogen bases)
4. What does the “m” in mRNA stand for? Briefly describe its role in protein synthesis.
5. Why is the sequence of amino acids in a protein so important in the functioning of that
protein?
6. Consider the following diagram pertaining to a part of protein synthesis:
a. Label the diagram with the following terms: codon, anti-codon, peptide bond,
ribosome, tRNA, mRNA, amino acid, polypeptide (Use each term only once)
b. What is the name of the process pictured above?
c. Where in the cell is this process occurring?
d. Briefly describe tRNA’s role in the process pictured above.
e. What ultimately determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
7. The following sequence of nucleotides was found on a segment of DNA:
GGA CCT AAT CAC ATA GGG
a. If the sequence located above was a gene on a chromosome and was used to create
mRNA, what sequence would the resulting strand of mRNA have?
b. If the mRNA was then translated into a protein, what would the sequence
of amino acids be?
8. What is a mutation?
9. Briefly explain how a mutation could affect the shape and therefore function of protein
molecule?