Download Biology Midterm Study Guide

Biology Midterm Study Guide
The midterm is 75 multiple choice questions and 3 short essays. Honors students will complete an additional multiple choice section
with 10 ACT Questions. THERE ARE NO RETAKES FOR THIS MIDTERM! The midterm is cumulative and will cover the Nature of Science and Cell
units. Please note that your midterm counts for 20% of your final SEMESTER grade. The dates for the midterm are as follows:
Tuesday, December 20 = 2nd and 3rd period
Wednesday, December 21 = 5/6th and 7/8th period
Thursday, December 22 = 9/10th, 11th, and 1st period
Friday, December 23 = Make ups… COME EARLY!!!
You should know the following terms:
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Biology
Reproduction (Sexual and Asexual)
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Evolution
Hypothesis
Experiment
Theory
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Enzyme (catalyst)
Cell
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Organelle
Nucleus
Chromosomes
Golgi Apparatus (and vesicle)
rER and sER
Mitochondria
Cilia
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
Chloroplasts
Cell membrane
Selectively permeable
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You should be able to do the following:
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Describe the traits of living things.
Identify the order of steps in the Scientific Method.
In an experiment, identify what is being tested and what is being measured.
Describe why water is important for cells.
What is the Metric System based on?
Describe types of microscopes.
Binary fission
Chromatids
G1
S
G2
Mitosis (M)
Cytokinesis (C)
Interphase (G1, S, G2)
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Spindle
Microtubules
Centromere
Cell plate
Cleavage furrow
Cyclins
Cancer
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Homologous chromosomes (homologues)
Crossing-over
Mendel
Genetics
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Calculate the total magnification of a microscope.
Label organelles if given a diagram of a cell.
Identify the type of cell (plant, animal, or prokaryote) if given a diagram.
Provide examples of plants, animals, and prokaryotes.
Explain that prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes.
Describe the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of organelles.
Describe the location of DNA and chromosomes in a cell.
Describe the function of each organelle.
Explain the use of the central vacuole in plant cells.
Explain how chloroplasts and mitochondria are unique organelles.
Describe the differences between plant and animal cells in terms of their organelles.
Describe the major events in each stage of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, M, C).
Explain what organelle is divided during Mitosis.
Identify the three stages of Interphase.
Identify the four stages of Mitosis (PMAT).
Identify what type of macromolecule controls the cell cycle in eukaryotes. HINT: Cyclins are enzymes, which are a type of _________.
Identify what cancer is and how it relates to the cell cycle / mitosis.
Describe what a spindle is made of.
Describe the end product of Mitosis.
Identify the phases of Mitosis by looking at diagrams.
Put the phases of Mitosis in order by looking at diagrams.
Explain the differences in mitosis and cytokinesis for plant and animal cells.
Identify a diagram showing both divisions of Meiosis.
Contrast Mitosis with Meiosis in terms of their end products and phases (special attention to Metaphase I and Anaphase I).
Identify when homologous chromosomes separate during Meiosis.
Explain what was different about Mendel’s pea plant experiments compared to previous scientists.
Short Essay Questions:
You will be required to answer THREE of the FIVE questions below. Each response should be approximately one paragraph (5+
sentences), and each essay is worth 10 points. You may do ONE extra essay for up to 10 points extra credit.
(a) How do cells function?
(b) What is the importance of having several types of cells?
(c) What processes are involved in cellular reproduction?
(d) Identify FIVE different lab safety procedures we discussed in class. Explain why each procedure is important. You will earn 1
point for each procedure given and 1 point for the corresponding explanations.
(e) Pretend you are a scientist who is designing an experiment, and you are asked to describe it to me. Your description must
have the following: (i) state the purpose, (ii) label the dependent and independent variables, (iii) state hypothesis, (iv) describe
the control variables, and (v) describe the type of data collected and how it will be analyzed.