Download Chapter 7 Cells Test Review

Chapter 7 & 19 Cells Test Review
1.) List the organelles found in plant and animal cells. List the organelles unique to plants.
BOTH (Smooth & rough er, cell membrane, mitochondrion, vacuoles, golgi apparatus,
ribosome, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope…) LYSOSOME Plants- Chloroplast,
cell wall, large vacuole
2.) What is the cell theory?
Composed of cells,
basic units of structure & function, produced from existing cells
2a.) Summarize the work of Schleiden and Schwann.
Schleiden: all plants are made of cells
Schwann: all animals are made of cells
3.) What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote cell?
Pro- smaller, simpler, no nucleous (bacteria) Euk-larger, more complex, lots of
organelles & highly specialized, contain a nucleus
3a.) Give some examples of prokaryotic cells.
Bacteria
Single celled organisms
4.) What organelles contain DNA? What is the explanation for this?
Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts
5.) What is the purpose of the cell membrane?
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support
6.) What is diffusion? What is osmosis? What is equilibrium? Draw a picture to demonstrate
Diffusion-Particles in solution move from more concentrated area to less concentrated
area.
Osmosis-H2O doing this. Picture- 7-14 p184
7.) What is facilitated diffusion? Draw a picture to demonstrate this.
Special molecules pass thru the membrane itself thru protein channels. P187 7-17
8.) What is active transport? Explain how active transport is different than diffusion. Draw a
picture of active transport.
A.T.=Moving particles, solutes against concentration gradient (requires energy)
p189 7-19
9.) What are the levels of organization in a multicellular organism.
Cells , tissues, organs, organ systems
What is a tissue?
Similar cells that perform a particular function
What is an organ?
groups of tissues working together
10.) What is cell specialization? Give some examples of specialized animal cells and their
functions.
Cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks
11.) What are the different shapes of prokaryotes?
Bacilli, cocci, spirilla ( rod, sphere, spiral)
12.) What is a virus? Draw the different shapes / structures of viruses.
Particles of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), protein and in some cases, lipids
13.) Are viruses considered living? Explain. See Fig 19-11 (p483)
No. They need a host to reproduce. They do not exhibit the characteristics of living things.
14.) How do we control bacteria? Antibiotics, sterilization, disinfectants
15.) List several reasons why bacteria are important. Food, medicine, nitrogen fixation,
decomposition
16.) Explain the two ways viral infections work. Lytic and Lysogenic infections
17.) How do we control viruses? Vaccines, boiling water, disinfectants
18.) What is hyponatremia? Explain how this process works at the cell level. Illustrate.
Taking in too much water which causes an imbalance of sodium in the body.
19. What makes up the channels and pumps that move materials across the cell
membrane.
proteins
20. Draw a cell and environment solution in which the environment solution is isotonic.
* = WATER
+ = SOLUTE
***
+++
***
+++
++++++
******
Water will not move
21. Draw a cell and environment solution in which the environment solution is hypertonic.
* = WATER
+
+
+
*
+
+
+
*
+ = SOLUTE
+*********
***** +**
*********
+
+
+
+
+
+
Water will move out
+ *
+
+
22. Draw a cell and environment solution in which the environment solution is hypotonic.
*********
**********
*********
+
+
+++++++++
++++++++
**
*
*****************
*****************
****************
+
+
Water will move in
23. On the diagrams you drew for numbers 21-22, label which way water will move.
24. For the E. coli experiment we did in class, list the question, control and variables.
Question: How effective are the disinfectants against the growth of E.coli bacteria?
Control: distilled water
Variables: disinfectants