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Transcript
Transportation Through the Plasma Membrane Name: _________________ Date: _______ Period: ____ 1. Maintaining a Balance _____________________ - internal balance ________________ _________________ - allows some materials to pass through membrane while rejecting others. 2. Fluid-Mosaic Model This description is of a ________________ _____________ that is made up of molecules that are free to flow among one another. The kinds and arrangements of proteins And lipids vary from one membrane to another and give each type of membrane specific ________________ properties. 3. Structure of the Plasma Membrane Two-layered structure Lipid bilayer Made of _________ molecules with _________ molecules in the lipid layer. _________________ aid in the movement of materials through the membrane. The lipids have two fatty acids attached to ________________ and a ________________ ________ (phospholipid). The ___________ “head” of a phospholipid molecule contains a polar _______________ group, and two “tails” are long, nonpolar ___________ chains. 4. Proteins of the Plasma Membrane a. _______________ proteins b. _______________ proteins 5. Transport Proteins (require energy) a. ______________ proteins: channel for lipid insoluble molecules and ions to pass freely through. b. ______________ proteins: bind to a substance and carry it across membrane, change shape in process. 6. Receptor Proteins - Bind to chemical messengers (ex. Hormones) which sends a message into the cell causing cellular reaction. 9. How do materials move into and out of the cell? a. Materials must move in and out of the cell through the __________________________________. b. Some materials move between the _______________________________. c. some materials move through the ________________________________. 10. Plasma Membrane Transport – Molecules move across the plasma membrane by: ________________________ and _______________________ 11. What are the three types of PASSIVE transport? a. ____________________________ b. ____________________________ c. ____________________________ A. Diffusion – also called Brownian Motion: random motion of molecules. (Robert Brown, a Scottish scientist, used a microscope to observe tiny particles suspended in water. He noticed that the particles moved constantly in little jerks as if being struck by invisible objects. This motion is called Brownian Motion) - all objects in motion have kinetic energy. Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from a ________________ concentration to a __________ concentration until equally __________________. Diffusion rate is related to __________________, ________________, state of matter, size of ________________________________, and surface area of membrane. o Dynamic Equilibrium – a continuous movement of molecules, but no change in ______________________________. - Concentration Gradient – The difference in concentration of a substance across a _______________. B. Facilitated Diffusion – Molecules can move directly through the ___________________________. What is facilitated diffusion? - the net movement of molecules from a __________ concentration to a ______ concentration with the aid of ______________ or _____________ proteins. C. Osmosis - _________________ molecules can move directly through the ______________________ of the plasma membrane. What is osmosis? – diffusion of _________________ molecules through a membrane from an area of ________________ water concentration to _________________ water concentration. Osmosis in Action What will happen in the U-tube if water freely moves through the membrane but the particles can not pass? Water moves from the side with _________ concentration of water to side with __________ concentration of water. movement stops when _________ pressure equals __________________ pressure. 1. Osmosis and Tonicity * Tonicity refers to the total ____________ concentration of the solution ______________ the cell. What are the three (3) types of tinocity? - ________________________________ - ________________________________ - ________________________________ Isotonic – solution in which the concentration of _________________(solvent) outside the cell is the ___________ as the concentration inside the cell. What will happen to a cell placed in an isotonic solution?????????? - The cell will have no net movement of ___________ and will stay the same _____________. Hypotonic (_______ Concentration) – solution in where concentration of ___________ (solvent) outside the cell is ______________ than the concentration inside the cell. What will happen to a cell placed in hypotonic solution??????????? - The cell will _________ water and ________________. - If the cell bursts, then we call this ____________. In plants we call this ___________ pressure. Hypertonic (______________ Concentration) – solution in which concentration of ___________ (solvent) outside the cell is ________________ than the concentration inside the cell. What will happen to a cell placed in a hypertonic Solution??????????? - the cell will _________ water and ________. In plant cells, the central vacuole will shrink and the plasma membrane will pull away from the cell was causing the cytoplasm to shrink called ___________________. 12. What are three types of Active Transport? a. ________________________________ b. ________________________________ c. ________________________________ - Phagocytosis - Pinocytosis *ATP energy is ____________ to move the molecules through. A. Active Transport – molecules move from areas of __________ concentration to areas of ___________ concentration with the aid of _________ energy. Importance of Active Transport Bring in essential molecules Rid cell of unwanted molecules (Ex. Sodium from urine in kidneys) Maintain internal conditions different from the environment Regulate the volume of cells by controlling _____________ pressure. Control cellular ____ Re-establish concentration gradients to run ______________ diffusion. (Ex. ________________-____________ pump and proton pumps) B. Exocytosis (EXO - ________) – movement of large molecules bound in vesicles _________ of the cell with the aid of ______ energy. Vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane to eject macromolecules. Ex. Proteins, polysaccharides, polynucleotides, whole cells, hormones. Etc C. Endocytosis (ENDO - _____) – movement of large molecules ________ the cell by engulfing them in vesicles, using _______ energy. * Two types of endocytosis 1. _____________________ 2. _____________________