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广西医科大学理论课教案(1) 授课教师:Zhou Sufang 教学课题 Teaching subject Introduction for Biochemistry 课型 理论课 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class 教学目的 Teaching Aims 教学重点 Teaching key points 1.Grasp what is biochemistry? What does it research? What are the aims for this subject? 2.Know well Why have to learn biochemistry? How to learn Biochemistry? 3. Have an appreciation about the background and history about the biochemistry research 1. Why have to learn biochemistry? 2. How to learn Biochemistry? 教学难点 Teaching nodus 1.let the students like to learn biochemistry with ardor, willpower and determination 热情 毅力 决心 2.let the students feel that Biochemistry is not so difficult to learn as their minds’ eye 想像 and believe that they could learn biochemistry very well 教学方法 Teaching methods 讲授式+启发式+问题式 Problem basic learning: to use an example with mediterranean anemia For each chapter, key points, questions and disease examples always be used to explain and develop the contents, and to ask students comprehension 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 1. to introduce what is biochemistry (1) the main contents about biochemistry (2) the significances about biochemistry (3) the relationships between biochemistry and other preclinic subjects 2. how to learn biochemistry (1) abide by the class rules (2) spend more time to the subject (at least 8 hours for one topic ) (3) persist in thinking the topic and find more information about the topic (4) stick to analyzing and summing-up the contents just learned 3. how to do assessment about the outcome for your study (Our plan in this term) 35 min 15 min Summary (5 min) 1. the main contents of biochemistry 2. the differences and connections between biochemistry and other preclinic subjects Problems 1. ask students to find some information about biochemistry and disease 2. ask students to make personal plan about how to learn biochemistry Textbook:Biochemistry,Chief Editors Zhao Baochang,Science and Technology Publishing House Students:2008 Grade Foreign Student Class (6 years class) 1 Timetable:2010.03 ~2010.07 广西医科大学理论课教案(2) 授课教师:Zhou Sufang Chapter One Protein structures and functions 教学课题 Section 1 amino acid composition and linkage in Teaching protein subject Section 2 molecular structure of proteins 教学目的 Teaching Aims 教学重点 Teaching key points 教学难点 Teaching nodus 教学方法 Teaching methods 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 课型 理论课 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class 1.Grasp macromolecules, functions of proteins, amino acids structure formula and characters, sorts of AA, polypeptide chain and peptide, peptide bond, peptide planar, protein primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures, forces to make these structures stable, the rule to write the polypeptide chain 2.Know well important physicochemical properties of AA, three letters for AA, R group of AA, have familiar with some special example as Insulin, Hb, Mb structure characters 3. Have an appreciation about biological active peptides, and their significances, the relationship between proteins and various levels of their structures 1. the basic composition units of proteins, amino acids, structure characters and sorts 2. some important concepts about protein and AA( polypeptide, peptide, peptide bond, peptide unit, main chain and side chain, of polypeptide chain, primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures of proteins) 3. the characters and correlation of various levels of protein structures 1. composition units of proteins, coded amino acids and other amino acids presented in polypeptides chain , 2. secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures of proteins, main chain, side chain, of proteins 3. the factors effecting on protein structures stability 讲授式+启发式+问题式 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) Chapter Two Protein structures and functions 1.protein basic composition---(1) amino acid, sort, structure characters, important physicochemical properties (2)peptides and polypeptides (3) glutathione 2. protein molecular structures (1) the primary structure of proteins (2) the secondary structure of proteins, α-helix, β-pleat sheet, β-turn, random coils, motifs (3) the tertiary structure of proteins, domain, chaperonin (4) the quaternary structure of proteins, the relationship among various levels of protein structures Summary (5 min) 1.the characters of protein element compositions, the structure characters of amino acids of protein basic composition units 2.the structure characters of proteins 3. special examples, Insulin, Hb, Mb Problems 1. Which amino acids could take part in the protein compositions in nature? Which amino acid could present in protein structure but not directly take part in the protein biosynthesis? Why? 2. Whether all proteins have quaternary structures? Whether all the proteins with tertiary structures have biological activity? 3. Which kinds of factors could effect on protein spatial structures stability? 2 广西医科大学理论课教案(3) 授课教师:Zhou Sufang Chapter One Protein structures and functions 教学课题 Section 3 relationship between protein structures and Teaching functions subject Section 4 Physicochemical properties of proteins and isolation and purification 课型 理论课 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class 教学目的 Teaching Aims 1.Grasp relationships between structures and functions of proteins 2.Keow well change of protein structures related to functions of proteins, as well as relationship with diseases, important physicochemical properties of proteins 3.Have an appreciation about isolation and purification of proteins, methods and principles 教学重点 Teaching key points 1.structures and functions of proteins, introducing some special examples 2.the changes of structures and functions of proteins related to diseases 3.Important physicochemical properties of proteins, specially about the relationship between protein denaturation and functions 教学难点 Teaching nodus 1.Primary structure of proteins and their functions, molecular diseases 教学方法 Teaching methods 讲授式+启发式+问题式 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 2.allosteric effect of hemoglobin 3. 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 1.relationship of protein structures and functions (1) relationship of protein primary structure and functions (2) relationship of protein spatial structures and functions (3) allosteric effect and its function characters of Hb 50 分钟 (4) comparison of Hb structure and function with Mb’s (5) protein conformational change and diseases ( mad cow disease) 2. physicochemical properties of proteins and isolation and purification (1) physicochemical properties of proteins Amphoteric dissociation of proteins, colloid properties of proteins, denaturation, precipitation and coagulation, ultraviolet absorbance, pigment reaction of proteins (2) isolation and purification of proteins 45 分钟 Methods and principles of isolation, salt out, electrophoresis, gel filtration chromatography 3. analysis of amino acid sequence in polypeptide chain,(omitted) 4.mensuration of protein spatial structures ( omitted ) Summary (5 min) 1.protein structures and functions 2.changes of protein functions and diseases 3.Some examples Problems 1.What are the distinguish between Hb and Mb? 2.What are molecular diseases? How to analyze molecular diseases? 3.How to isolate and purify and to do determination about a protein in biological sample utilizing the physicochemical properties of proteins? 3 广西医科大学理论课教案(4) 授课教师:Zhou Sufang 教学课题 Teaching subject 教学目的 Teaching Aims Chapter Two Structures and Functions of Nucleic Acids Section 1 The Monomeric Units of Nucleic Acids Section 2 Structure of DNA 1. Grasp 课型 理论课 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class basic units for nucleic acid, the sorts of nucleotides,the secondary structure of DNA and their characters 2. Know well Types of nucleic acids and their functions, primary structure, major connection bonds, the differences between DNA and RNA 3. Have an appreciation about 教学重点 Teaching key points DNA research background, functions, et al. 1.the sorts of nucleic acids,structure characters,basic units 2.DNA structures and functions 教学难点 Teaching nodus 1.DNA various structure levels,diversity of DNA double helix 2.DNA super helix structure and their assembly 教学方法 Teaching methods 讲授式+启发式+问题式 Problem basic learning: 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 35 min 15 min 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 1. The chemical composition, primary structure of nucleic acids (1) nucleotide structures,sorts,the differences between purine nucleotide and pyrimidine nucleotide, the actions of nucleotides in organism (2) The primary structures of nucleic acids (3) The major connection bonds of nucleic acid primary structure, main chain, side chain, written rules for sequence of nucleic acid 2. Spacial structure and functions of DNA molecule (1) Secondary structure of DNA----double helix model of DNA,learn about DNA research background, the key points of the model, diversity (2) The DNA super helix structure and their assembly in chromatins (3) The DNA functions Summary (5 min) 1.The chemical composition difference between DNA and RNA 2.The comparison for DNA and RNA,including composition units, distributing in cell, function diversity 3. The key points of DNA secondary structure Problems 1. How to compare DNA with RNA? 2. How to understand the double helix structure of DNA? What are the significances for the founding of DNA double helix? 3. What are the important actions of nucleotides in organic body? 4 广西医科大学理论课教案(5) 授课教师:Zhou Sufang 教学课题 Teaching subject 教学目的 Teaching Aims Chapter Two Structures and Functions of Nucleic Acids Section 3 RNA structure and function Section 4 Physicochemical properties and DNA denaturation and renaturation 1. Grasp 课型 理论课 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class main sorts of RNA, structure characters, functions, DNA denaturation and renaturation. 2. Know well distribution of RNA, contents, general physicochemical properties 3. Have an appreciation about other small RNAs and RNA genome, nucleic acid hybridization principle 教学重点 Teaching key points 1.mRNA,tRNA,rRNA structure characters and biological functions 2.DNA denaturation, renaturation and their application 教学难点 Teaching nodus 1.differnces among various RNA structures 2. the relationship between nucleic acid physicochemical properties and their structures 3. the relationship between nuclei acid hybridization and DNA denaturation and renaturation 教学方法 Teaching methods 讲授式+启发式+问题式 Problem basic learning: 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 1. RNA structure and functions (1) mRNA structure and functions(primary structure, codons, functions) (2) tRNA structure and functions (primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, functions ) 35 min (3) rRNA structure and functions (4) other small RNA and RNA genome 2.physicochemical properties of nucleic acid and denaturation and renaturation (1) general physicochemical properties: high molecule, high viscidity, ultraviolet absorbance (2) DNA denaturation: hyperchromic effect, melting temperature 15 min (3) DNA renaturation and molecular hybridization, annealing, principle of hybridization 3. nuclease( nucleic acid enzymes) (1) sorts of nucleases and their characters (2) the differences between nuclease and ribozymes Summary (5 min) 1.the main sorts and their differences of nucleic acids 2.the development of DNA molecular hybridization and DNA denaturation, renaturation 3.nucleases and ribozymes Problems 1.What are the differences between RNA and DNA? 2.What are the main distinctness as mRNA compared with tRNA at primary and secondary structures? 3.What are the differences between nucleases and ribozymes? 5 广西医科大学理论课教案(6) 授课教师:Zhou Sufang 教学课题 Teaching subject 教学目的 Teaching Aims Chapter Three Enzymes Section 1 Structure and Function of Enzymes Section 2 Nomenclature and Classification Section 3 Properties and Catalytic Mechanisms of Enzymes 1. Grasp 课型 理论课 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class concept of enzyme, composition characters, active center, binding group, catalytic group, enzyme catalyzed reaction characters, enzyme specificity 2. Know well enzyme catalyzed reaction mechanism, induced-fit hypothesis, classification of enzymes 3. Have an appreciation about activation energy, transition state, 教学重点 Teaching key points 1. Concepts related to enzymes, such as enzyme, active center, specificity of enzyme, composition and structures of enzymes 2. Enzyme catalytic reaction characters , the importance of enzymes to human 教学难点 Teaching nodus 1. Enzyme catalyzed reaction mechanism 2. 教学方法 Teaching methods 讲授式+启发式+问题式 Problem basic learning: 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 1. Structure and Function of Enzymes (1) Composition of Enzyme molecules Simple enzyme, Conjugated enzyme, holoenzyme, Apoenzyme, Cofactor (2) The various sorts of enzymes 35 min Monomeric enzyme, Oligomeric enzyme, Multienzyme system, Multifunctional enzyme or tandem enzyme (3) Active Site of an Enzymes (4) Structure and function of Enzymes 2. Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes 15 min (1) Nomenclature of Enzyme Common naming method, Systematic naming method (2) Classification of Enzyme 3. Properties and Catalytic Mechanisms of Enzymes (1) Properties of Enzyme Catalyzed Reaction The Summary (5 min) Problems common characters of an enzyme The Characters of enzyme catalysis (2) Catalytic Mechanism of Enzymes and a general catalyst 1 Composition characters of Enzyme molecules 2 Properties of Enzyme Catalyzed Reaction 3 Nomenclature of Enzyme 1. What is the substrate specificity of an enzyme? 2. If an enzyme has the EC number 4.3.2.1, What kind of enzyme does it belong to? 3. What is a holoenzyme? What is an apoenzyme? What are cofactors? 6 Teaching plan of Biochemistry for the 2009 grade undergraduates from abroad Lecturer: Lin Wenzhen The contents of lecture Aims of teaching Key points of teaching Difficulties of teaching Teaching measures The arrangement of class hour Summary (5min) Questions Section C Enzymes C3 Introduction to enzymes Lecture model Students Theoretical lecture 09 grade undergraduates 1.To understand the concept of enzymes and the differences between enzymes and ribozymes, the characteristics of enzyme actions 2.To be familiar with the activation energy and free energy change in a reaction system, and why enzymes can increase the rate of reaction catalyzed by enzyme, active site of enzymes, substrate specificity of enzyme as well as enzyme classification 3.To have an appreciation of the chemical equilibrium of the catalytic reaction 1.What are enzymes, the characteristics of enzyme actions 2.What is active site, and what are substrate specificities 3.How enzymes can be classified, what is the four-digit number of an enzyme 1.The mechanism by which enzymes can speed up the rate of reactions 2.The active site of an enzyme and how it relates to the functions of the enzyme 3.The substrate specificity of enzymes Lecture+suggestion+discussion+figure Teaching schedule, contents 1. Enzymes as catalysts 2. Activation energy and transition state 3. Free energy change 4. Chemical equilibria 5. Active site 6. Substrate specificity 7. Enzyme classification 1. 2. 1. 2. Enzymes and Active site Why we need What is the (15min) (15min) (10min) (5min) (10min) (20min) (20min) biocatalysts and substrate specificity of enzyme to study enzymology most important for the activity of an enzyme 7 Teaching plan of Biochemistry for the 2009 grade undergraduates from abroad Lecturer: Lin Wenzhen The contents of lecture Aims of teaching Key points of teaching Difficulties of teaching Teaching measures The arrangement of class hour Summary (5min) Questions C3 Factors affecting enzyme activity Theoretical lecture 09 grade undergraduates 1.To understand which factors can affect enzyme activity, the difference between simple or conjugated enzymes. To understand the concepts of holoenzyme and apoenzyme, coenzyme and prosthetic groups, as well as isoenzymes 2.To be familiar with how to do enzyme assay and the optimum pH or optimum temperature of an enzyme, and [S], [E]’s effect to the activity of enzyme 3.To have an appreciation of linked enzyme assays 1. The factors which can affect enzyme activity 2. [S], [E], optimum pH, optimum T, 3. Cofactors and holoenzymes, isoenzymes 1. The rate of catalytic reaction affected by the change of substrate concentration 2. Hyperbolic curve of the plot of [S] against V0 3. The differences between simple enzymes and conjugated enzymes Lecture+suggestion+discussion Teaching schedule, contents 1. Enzyme assays 2. Linked enzyme assays 3. Enzyme velocity 4. Substrate concentration 5. Enzyme concentration 6. Temperature 7. pH 8. Coenzymes and prosthetic groups 9. Isoenzymes Lecture model Students (10min) (10min) (10min) (15min) (5min) (10min) (10min) (10min) (15min) 1. The velocity of reaction catalyzed by enzymes 2. [S], [E], pH, Temperature, isoenzymes 1. What is the hyperbolic curve of an enzyme? 2. What is the optimum pH and optimum temperature of an enzyme 3. What are isoenzymes? What are the significances of the assay of isoenzymes in blood? Can you bring up some examples? 8 Teaching plan of Biochemistry for the 2009grade undergraduates from abroad Lecturer: Lin Wenzhen The contents of lecture Aims of teaching Key points of teaching Difficulties of teaching Teaching measures The arrangement of class hour Summary (5min) Questions C3 Enzyme kinetics and inhibition Theoretical lecture 09 grade undergraduates 1.To understand the Michaelis-Menten equation, Km, Vmax, enzyme inhibition 2.To be familiar with Lineweaver-Burk plot and the differences between irreversible and reversible inhibition, and the differences between competitive and noncompetitive inhibition 3.To have an appreciation of the meaning of Michaelis-Menten equation 1. Michaelis-Menten equation and Lineweaver-Burk plot of 1/V against 1/[S], Km, Vmax 2. Enzyme inhibition 1. How does the Michaelis-Menten equation be deduced from a simple catalytic reaction 2.The differences between the irreversible and reversible inhibition Lecture+suggestion+discussion+figure Teaching schedule, contents 1. Michaelis-Menten model 2. Lineveaver-Burk plot 3. Enzyme inhibition 4. Irreversible inhibition 5. Reversible inhibition 6. Reversible competitive inhibition 7. Reversible noncompetitive inhibition Lecture model Students (15min) (15min) (10min) (10min) (15min) (15min) (15min) 1. Michaelis-Menten equation and Lineweaver-Burk plot 2. Enzyme inhibition 1. Why the Lineweaver-Burk plot has to be used to get the Km and Vmax of an enzyme? 2. What are the kinetic changes related to Km and Vmax when reversible competitive or reversible noncompetitive inhibition take place? 9 Teaching plan of Biochemistry for the 2009 grade undergraduates from abroad Lecturer: Lin Wenzhen The contents of lecture Aims of teaching Key points of teaching Difficulties of teaching Teaching measures The arrangement of class hour Summary (5min) Questions C3 Control of enzyme activity Lecture model Students Theoretical lecture 09 grade undergraduates 1.To understand the characteristics of allosteric enzymes, reversible covalent modification, zymogens and their proteolytic activation 2.To be familiar with feedback regulation, commonly covalent modification phosphorylation/dephosphorylation 3.To have an appreciation of regulation of enzyme synthesis and breakdown 1.Characteristics of allosteric enzymes 2.Reversible covalent modification 3.Zymogens and their proteolytic activation 1.The differences between the controls of enzyme activities by allosteric regulation or by covalent modification 2.The differences between zymogen proteolytic activation and covalent modification Lecture+suggestion+discussion Teaching schedule, contents 1. Feedback regulation (20 min ) 2. Allosteric enzymes (25 min ) 3. reversible covalent modification (20 min ) 4. Proteolytic activation (20 min) 5. Regulation of enzyme synthesis and breakdown (10 min ) 1. Allosteric enzymes and allosteric regulation 2. Reversible covalent modification and phosphorylation and dephosphorylation 3. The characters of zymogens and their proteolytic activation 1. How the activities of enzymes can be regulated quickly in organism 2.What are the differences between allosteric regulation and covalent modification? 3.What are the differences between zymogens and enzymes? 10 广西医科大学理论课教案 授课教师: Lin Wenzhen 教学课题 Chapter 4 Metabolism of Carbohydrates (300min) 课型 理论课 对象 09 级本英 教学目的 1.掌握: Anaerobic degradation of Glucose; Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose 2.熟悉: Glycogen Formation and Degradation Gluconeogenesis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway 3.了解: The physiological functions of saccharides; Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates; 教学重点 1. Glycolysis 2. Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle 3. Glycogen Formation and Degradation 4. 教学难点 1. 2. 3. 4. 教学方法 启发式 课时安排 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) Section one Introduction 1. The physiological functions of saccharides To be oxidized and to supply energy Participate in the composition of tissue cells in organism. Work as remarkably versatile precursors for biosynthetic reactions 2. Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates Digestion of Carbohydrates Digesting place: Process of digesting Absorption of Carbohydrates Absorption place Molecule absorbed Monosaccharide, mainly glucose Mechanism of absorption The Fate of Absorbed Glucose Section Two Glycolysis(Anaerobic degradation of Glucose) 1. Basic Process of Glycolysis Definition of Glycolysis The site of glycolysis is cytoplasm. 2.Pyruvate Formation from Glucose The characters of glucokinase Glucose-6-phosphate →Fructose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate → Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 30min 50min The significance of Glycolysis The Regulation of Glycogensis and Glycogenolysis The key points of TAC Regulation of Blood Sugar Level 11 20min 40min phosphohexose →2 molecules of phosphotriose Phosphotrioses interconverse glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate→1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate→3-phosphoglycerate substrate level phosphorylation 3-phosphoglycerate→2-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate →phophoenolpyruvate, PEP Phosphoenolpyruvate → pyruvate, and yield ATP through substrate level phosphorylation 3. Conversion of Pyruvate to Lactate Summary for glycolysis (1) Reaction site:in cytoplasm (2) It is a process to produce energy without oxygen (3) There are three irreversible reaction steps (4) The manner to yield energy : (5) The fate of the final product lactate 4.Regulation of Glycolysis 5.The significance of Glycolysis (1) Glycolysis is the emergency energy-yielding pathway. (2) Glycolysis is the main way to produce ATP in some tissues, even though the oxygen supply is sufficient In cells without mitochondria, red blood cells In metabolism active cells, retina, testis, skin, medulla of kidney. Section Three Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose 1. Concept 2. Basic Process of Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose First stage:Glycolytic pathway Secondary stage:The oxidation and decarboxylation of pyruvate Third stage:Tricarboxylic cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation 2.1 Oxidation of Glucose to Pyruvate 2.2 pyruvate be transported into mitochondria and decarboxylated to form acetyl CoA. The composition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex 2.3 Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, TAC Summary for TAC ① Concept of TAC ② The location of TAC is mitochondria ③ The key points of TAC: For each cycle of TAC Key enyzmes: citrate synthase , isocitrate dehydrogenase α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex ④ TAC is an irreversible cycle ⑤ Intermediates in TAC and other metabolism 3. ATP Generated in the Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose 4. The Regulation of Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose 12 50min 40min 20min Section Four Glycogen Formation and Degradation Glycogen ,Structure of glycogen 1. Glycogen Formation ( glycogenesis ) Synthesis sites in organism Definition of glycogenesis (1) Glucose is phosphorylated to G-6-P G-6-P turn to G-1-P; G-1-P turn to UDPG Formation of α-1,4-glucosidic bond One more glucose is added to the glycogen primer or glycogen molecule The formation of branch of glycogen Enzymes: Glycogen synthase (key enzyme) 2. Glycogen Degradation ( Glycogenolysis ) Definition of glycogenolysis; Cellular site:in cytoplasm (1) Glycogen suffer phosphorolysis (2) Debranching enzyme ① transfer glycosyl residues ② hydrolyzing -1,6-glycosidic bond transferase (3) G-1-P turn to G-6-P (4) G-6-P is hydrolyzed to yield glucose 3. The fates of G-6-P metabolism 4. The Regulation of Glycogensis and Glycogenolysis The important characters of these two enzymes: 5. The Significance of Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis 6. glycogen storage diseases Section Five Gluconeogenesis Cellular site: In cytoplasm and mitochondria in liver or kidney Raw material:Glycerol, glucogenic amino, lactate, and other organic acids Definition: 1.The Basic Process of Gluconeogenesis 1.1 The Conversion of Pyruvate to Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) 1.2 F-1,6-DP turns to F-6-P 1.3 G-6-P is hydrolyzed to glucose 2. The Cori Cycle (Lactate cycle ) The significances of Cori Cycle 3. Regulation of Gluconeogenesis 4. The Significance of Glyconeogenesis Section six Pentose Phosphate Pathway Concept of pentose phosphate pathway Location in cell:in cytoplasm 1. first stage: The oxidative non-reversible phase to yield pentose phosphate, NADPH+H+ and CO2 secondary stage: Non-oxidative reversible phase, including the transfer of a series of groups 2. The Significance of pentose Phosphate Pathway 13 40min 2.1 To supply ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthesis 2.2 To produce NADPH for reductive synthesis such as fatty acid and steroid biosynthesis (1)NADPH is the donor of hydrogen for biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. (2)NADPH can participate in the hydroxylation reaction, involving biotransformation in organism (3) NADPH can keep the reduction of GSH Section Seven Blood Glucose and Its Regulation Blood sugar refers the level of glucose in blood. Normal blood sugar concentration:3.89~6.11mmol/L 1. Blood Sugar Level:The source and fate of blood sugar 2. Regulation of Blood Sugar Level Mainly, the regulation depends on hormones Insulin Glucagon Epinephrine (adrenalin ) Glucocorticoids 3. Abnormal Blood Sugar Level 3.1 Hyperglycemia Definition Renal threshold for glucose Diabetes mellitus, DM Ⅰtype ---- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Ⅱtype ---- non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 3.2 hypoglycemia Definition The disease related to the metabolism of galactose----Galactosemia 小 结 (10 分钟) 1. Anaerobic Degradation of glucose 2. Aerobic oxidation of glucose 3. Pentose phosphate pathway 4. Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis 5. Gluconeogenesis 6. Blood sugar and regulation 思 考 题 1.As you know, which kinds of sugar in daily life belong to monosaccharide? Which ones belong to disaccharide? Which ones belong to polysaccharide? 2. What are the key enzymes for the glycolysis pathway? The location in cells? 3. Which kinds of substances can be turned to glucose through gluconeugensis pathway? 4. How many ATP could be produced when one of molecule of glucose be metabolized by glycolysis pathway or by aerobic oxidization pathway? 5. What are the significances of pentose phosphate pathway ? 6. In which organ, glycogen can be degraded to glucose ? Why? 14 Teaching plan of Biochemistry for the 2009 grade undergraduates from abroad Lecturer: Lin Wenzhen The contents of lecture Aims of teaching Key points of teaching Difficulties of teaching Teaching measures The arrangement of class hour Summary (5 min) Questions Chapter5 LIPID METABOLISM K1 Structures and roles of fatty acids K2 Fatty acid breakdown Lecture model Students Theoretical lecture 09 grade undergraduates 1.To understand the structures and properties of fatty acids, triglyceride, etc, as well as their major biological roles in the living; the β-oxidation of fatty acids 2.To be familiar with the nomenclature of fatty acids, the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria 3.To have an appreciation of the oxidation of other fatty acids such as unsaturated fatty acids or odd-chain fatty acids 1.The characteristics of fatty acid structure and their classification 2.The concept ofβ-oxidation and its characteristics 3.The producing and degradation of ketone bodies 1. The pathway of fatty acid degradation 2. Oxidation of other fatty acid such as unsaturated fatty acids and odd-chain fatty acids Lecture+suggestion+discussion Teaching schedule, contents 1.Structures and roles of fatty acids (30 min) (1) Structure and properties (10 min ) (2) Nomeclature (8 min ) (3) Roles of fatty acids in the living (9 min ) (4) Prostaglandins (8 min ) 2.Fatty acid breakdown (65 min) (1) Overview (2 min ) (2) Activation (5 min ) (3) Transport into mitochondria (5 min ) (4) β-oxidation pathway (15 min ) (5) Oxidation of unsaturated or odd-chain fatty acids (10 min ) (6) Regulation (5 min ) (7) Energy yield (10 min ) (8) Ketone bodies (13 min ) 1.The structures of fatty acids and their roles in the living 2.β-oxidation of fatty acids and ketone bodies 1.What are the roles of fatty acids in the living? 2.What are β-oxidation and ketone bodies? 15 Teaching plan of Biochemistry for the 2009 grade undergraduates from abroad Lecturer: Lin Wenzhen The contents of lecture Aims of teaching Key points of teaching Difficulties of teaching Teaching measures The arrangement of class hour Summary (5 min) Questions K3 K4 Fatty acid synthesis Metabolism of triacylglycerols Lecture model Students Theoretical lecture 09grade undergraduates 1.To understand the process of fatty acid synthesis. To understand the pathways of the synthesis and breakdown of triacylglycerols in organisms. 2.To be familiar with the formation of double bonds of fatty acids 3.To have an appreciation of the regulation of fatty acids and triacylglycerols metabolism 1.The process of fatty acid synthesis 2.The pathway of the synthesis and breakdown of triacylglycerols 1.The transport of acetyl coA from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol 2.The formation of double bonds in fatty acids Lecture+suggestion+discussion Teaching schedule, contents 1.Fatty acid synthesis (1) Overview (2) Transport into the cytosol (3) The pathway (4) formation of double bonds (5) Regulation 2.Metabolism of triacylglycerols (1) Structure and function (2) Synthesis (3) Breakdown (4) Regulation 1.The 2.The 1.Can acids 2.Why synthesis of fatty acids synthesis and degradation of triacylglycerols you list the enzymes participating the synthesis of fatty in organisms? will it be obese when carbohydrates have been fed up too much? 16 Teaching plan of Biochemistry for the 2009 grade undergraduates from abroad Lecturer: Lin Wenzhen The contents of lecture Aims of teaching Key points of teaching Difficulties of teaching Teaching measures The arrangement of class hour Summary (5 min) Questions K5 Cholesterol metabolism K6 Lipoproteins Lecture model Students Theoretical lecture 09 grade undergraduates 1.To understand the function of cholesterol and lipoproteins, Bile salts, the fate of cholesterol in human bodies 2.To be familiar with the pathway of biosynthesis of cholesterol, and the concept and sorts of lipoproteins in plasma 3.To have an appreciation of the diseases related to the metabolism of lipid 1.The functions of cholesterol, the biosynthesis and regulation of cholesterol 2.The structure and function of lipoproteins, the sorts of lipoprotein in plasma 1.The biosynthesis and regulation of cholesterol 2.The differences between lipid in blood and lipoproteins in plasma 3.The source and the fate of lipoproteins in plasma Lecture+suggestion+discussion Teaching schedule, contents 1.Cholesterol metabolism ( 45 min ) (1) Functions of cholesterol ( 5 min ) (2) Biosynthesis of cholesterol ( 10 min ) (3) Regulation of cholesterol ( 5 min ) (4) Bile salts ( 10 min ) (5) Vitamin D ( 10 min ) (6) Steroid hormones ( 5 min ) 2. Liproteins ( 50 min ) (1) Structure and function ( 15 min ) (2) Chylomicrons ( 10 min ) (3) VLDLs, IDLs, and LDLs, as well as HDLs ( 15 min ) (4) Atherosclerosis ( 5 min ) (5) Familial hypercholecteolemia ( 5 min ) 1.The functions and the biosyntheis of cholesterol 2.The structure and functions of lipoprotein in blood 1.What are the raw material for the biosynthesis of cholesterol 2.What are the fate of cholesterol in human body 3.Can you list some diseases related to the metabolism of lipid 17 广西医科大学理论课教案 授课教师: Lin Wenzhen 教学课题 Chapter 6 Biological Oxidation (200min) 教学目的 1.掌握:Respiratory Chain Oxidative Phosphorylation 2.熟悉:ATP and Other Energy-rich Compounds, Energy from Cytosolic NADH 3.了解:Other Biological Oxidation 教学重点 1. Respiratory Chain 2. Oxidative Phosphorylation 教学难点 1. Oxidative Phosphorylation 2. Energy-rich Compounds 3. Energy from Cytosolic NADH 教学方法 启发式 课时安排 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 课型 理论课 对象 09 grade undergraduates 20min 1. Principle of Redox reaction Biological Oxidation:Loss of electrons Dehydrogenation oxygenation Redox reaction Electrochemical half cell: E°(standard electrode potential) Eo’ (Standard Oxidation-Reduction Potential) The standard free energy change ΔGo’ 50min 2. Respiratory Chain Term: Four complexes Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) Complex II: Succinate dehydrogenase (Succinate: CoQ oxidoreductase) Complex III: cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinone Cyt c oxidoreductase) Complex IV: cytochrome oxidase Coenzyme Q ubiquinone/ol Cytochrome c There are two respiratory chains NADH respiratory chain FADH2 respiratory chain 50min 3.Oxidative Phosphorylation The Chemiosmotic Theory 18 Electrochemical H+ gradient (Proton-motive force) ATP Synthase P/O ratios Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation 35min 4. ATP and Other Energy-rich Compounds Some Energy-rich compounds The hydrolysis of energy-rich bond: Transport of high-energy bond energies Energy utilization Transport of the terminal phosphate bond of ATP to the other nucleoside 25min 5. Energy from Cytosolic NADH Glycerol phosphate shuttle Malate aspartate shuttle 15min 6. Other Biological Oxidation Monoxygenases dioxygenase Free Radical Scavenging Enzymes Superoxide dismutases(SODs) Glutathione peroxidase . Catalase (in peroxisomes) 小 结 (5 分钟) 1. 2. 3. 4. 思 考 题 1. 2. Respiratory Chain Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP and Other Energy-rich Compounds Energy from Cytosolic NADH 19 广西医科大学理论课教案 授课教师: Cai danzhao 教学课题 Chapter 7 Catabolism of Proteins (300min) 课型 理论课 对象 09 级本英 教学目的 1.掌握: deamination of amino acids; Metabolism of ammonia; Metabolism of one carbon units 2.熟悉: nutritional requirement and nutritional quality of protein; putrefaction, degradation of proteins; Metabolism of carbon skeleton, decarboxylation 3.了解: digestion and absorption of proteins; 教学重点 1. deamination of amino acids, Metabolism of ammonia 2. Metabolism of one carbon units 3. nutritional requirement and nutritional quality of protein 教学难点 1. Metabolism of one carbon units 2. putrefaction, 3. Metabolism of carbon skeleton 4. decarboxylation 教学方法 启发式 课时安排 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 40min 1. nutritional function of proteins nutritional requirement of proteins nitrogen balance: (normal adult) Positive nitrogen balance Negative nitrogen balance nutritional quality of protein Essential Amino Acids Non-essential Amino Semi-essential Amino Complementary Effect of Dietary Proteins 50min 2. digestion and absorption and putrefaction Digestion; In stomach: In small intestine (main) Proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic juice absorption; Location: seven transport systems putrefaction Products 20 30min 100min 70min 3. degradation of proteins in cells Protein turnover Lysosomal pathway; cytosol pathway Ubiquitin: The process of ubiquitin pathway 4. amino acid catabolism: general Amino acid metabolic pool deamination of amino acids Oxidative deamination - Non-oxidative deamination - Transamination Aminotransferases (transaminases) -Coupling the transamination with deamination of glutamate Purine nucleotide cycle Metabolism of ammonia Source of ammonia in blood Transport of ammonia in blood Formation of Urea Process of urea cycle Regulation in urea biosynthesis Hyperammonemia Metabolism of carbon skeleton Ketogenic amino acids Glucogenic amino acids 5. amino acid catabolism: individual Decarboxylation of amino acids γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Histamine 5-Hydroxytryptamine Metabolism of one carbon units Methyl, methylene, methenyl, formyl, formimino Metabolism of methionine, cysteine and cystine Methionine cycle Creatine and creatine phosphate Systhesis of Taurine Formation of PAPS Glutathione (GSH) Metabolism of aromatic amino acids Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Phenylketonuria (PKU) Metabolism of tyrosine 21 Parkinson’s disease Metabolism of tryptophan Metabolism of branched-chain amino acids 小 结 (10 分钟) 1. nutritional function of proteins; putrefaction 2. deamination of amino acids, Metabolism of ammonia 3. Decarboxylation of amino acids 思 考 题 1. What are you know about Hyperammonemia? 2. What are the key enzymes, main pathway, main products of deamination? 22 广西医科大学理论课教案 授课教师: cai danzhao 教学课题 Chapter 8 Nucleotide Metabolism (100min) 课型 理论课 对象 09 级本英 教学目的 1.掌握: Metabolism of purine nucleotides; Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides; 2.熟悉: function of nucleotides; Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis Biosynthesis of NDP and NTP 3.了解: dysmetabolism; antimetabolites 教学重点 1. Metabolism of purine nucleotides 2. Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides 3. Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis 教学难点 1. Metabolism of purine nucleotides 2. Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides 3. dysmetabolism 教学方法 启发式 课时安排 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 10min 1. function of nucleotides Precursors for RNA and DNA synthesis Energy substance in body (ATP) Physiological Mediators (cAMP) Components of coenzymes (NAD+) Allosteric effectors and donor of phosphate group (phosphorylation) Formation of activated intermediates UDP-glucose, CDP-choline 30min 2. Metabolism of purine nucleotides Digestion and absorption of nucleotide Biosynthesis of purine nucleotides Characteristics of de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides Salvage synthesis of purine nucleotides Degradation of purine nucleotides Formation of uric acid 30min 3. Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides; Biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides De novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides Characteristics of de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides Process of de novo synthesis of UMP 23 Regulation of de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides Salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleotides Degradation of pyrimidine nucleotides 5min 4. Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis 5min 5. Biosynthesis of NDP and NTP 10min 6. dysmetabolism 5min 7. antimetabolites 小 结 (5 分钟) 1. function of nucleotides 2. Metabolism of purine nucleotides 3. Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides 思 考 题 1. What are you know about Gout? 24 广西医科大学理论课教案 授课教师: cai danzhao 教学课题 Chapter 9 Regulation of Metabolism (200min) 课型 理论课 对象 09 级本英 教学目的 1. 掌握: Concepts of key enzyme, Feedback Regulation, Substrate Cycle, Allosteric Regulation, Covalent Modification. The significance of allosteric Regulation. Regulation of Enzymatic Activity in Cells. 2. 熟悉: Metabolism Regulation in Cell Level, The significance of regional distribution of enzymes in cells. The characteristic of covalent modification. Change of metabolism in starvation. 3. 了解: Regulation of Enzyme Content in Cells. Change of metabolism in stress. 教学重点 1. Metabolism Regulation in Cell Level. 2.Change of metabolism in starvation.. 教学难点 1. Regulation of Enzyme Content in Cells. 教学方法 启发式 课时安排 65 min 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 1. Metabolism Regulation in Cell Level 1) Basic manner of metabolism regulation in cells 2) Regulation of Enzymatic Activity in Cells 3) Regulation of Enzyme Content in Cells 2. Hormone Regulation of Metabolism 1) Regulation Hormones Associating Transmembrane Receptors 2) Regulation Hormones Associating Intracellular Receptor 3. Regulation of Metabolism in Relation to the Whole 1) Metabolism Regulation in Stress 2) Change of Metabolism in Starvation 65 min 60min 小 结 (10 分钟) 思 考 题 1. Metabolism Regulation in Cell Level 2. Hormone Regulation of Metabolism 3. Regulation of Metabolism in Relation to the Whole 1. Describe the change of metabolism in long-term starvation 25 广西医科大学理论课教案(1) 授课教师:吴耀生 教学课题 Teaching subject 教学目的 Teaching Aims 教学重点 Teaching key points Chapter 10 DNA Biosynthesis molecular biological central dogma Section 1 Overlook of DNA Biosynthesis Section 2 Enzymology of DNA Replication 教学方法 Teaching methods 讲授式+启发式+问题式 Problem basic learning: 50 min 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class 1. Characteristics of replication,specially semi-conservative replication 2. Fidelity mechanism of DNA replication 3. Structure, functions of DNA polymerase 1.semi-discontinuous replication, bidirectional replication 2. to distinguish DNA polymerase with other enzymes, 45 min 理论课 1. Grasp Characteristics , specially semi-conservative replication, fidelity mechanism of DNA replication, structure, functions of DNA polymerase 2. Know well Differences between in prokaryote and in eukaryote, other enzymes and proteins needed for replication 3. Have an appreciation about Comparison of DNA polymerase with primase, DNA ligase, helicase, topoisomerase, et al. 教学难点 Teaching nodus 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 课型 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 1. Molecular biological central dogma (1) gene, gene expression, replication, transcription, translation (2) complementary for the molecular biological central dogma 2. Overlook of DNA Biosynthesis (1) Semi-conservative replication (2) Semi-discontinuous replication (3) Bi-directional replication (4) high fidelity (5) replicon and primer 3. Enzymology of DNA Replication (1) DNA polymerase, differences between in prokaryote and in eukaryote (2) other enzymes and proteins for DNA replication Summary (5 min) 1.Characteristics of DNA replication,specially Semi-conservative replication 2. Fidelity mechanism of DNA replication 3. DNA polymerase Problems 1. How to compare DNA polymerase in prokaryote and in eukaryote? 2. How to understand the fidelity mechanism of DNA replication? 3. What are the enzymology of DNA replication? Textbook:Biochemistry,Chief Editors Zhao Baochang,Science and Technology Publishing House Students:2009 Grade Foreign Student Class (6 years class) Timetable:2010.09 ~2011.01 26 广西医科大学理论课教案(2) 授课教师:吴耀生 教学课题 Teaching subject Chapter 10 DNA Biosynthesis Section 3 Process of DNA Replication Section 4 Recombination and Repair 课型 理论课 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class 教学目的 Teaching Aims 教学重点 Teaching key points 1. Grasp leading strand, lagging strand, Okazaki fragment, template direction, extension direction, reverse transcription 2. Know well Initiation, extension, termination of DNA replication, differences in prokaryote and in eukaryote, telomere and telomerase 3. Have an appreciation about other DNA replication ways, such as D-loop replication, rolling circle replicaion, type and results of DNA mutation, repair ways for DNA mutation 1. How to initiate replication, how to terminate replication, what are differences in prokaryote and in eukaryote 2. types of DNA mutation, light repair and excision repair 教学难点 Teaching nodus 1. rules for termination of DNA replication 2. telomere and telomerase and their functions 3. repair mechanism 教学方法 Teaching methods 讲授式+启发式+问题式 Problem basic learning: 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 45 min 50 min Summary (5 min) Problems 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 1. The Process of DNA Replication in prokaryotes (1) Initiation of Replication ①To unwind the double helix, ②To form replication forks, ③To synthesize RNA primer, to form an initiation complex (2) Extension of Replication: DNA poly III is needed (3) Termination of Replication 2. The Processes of DNA Replication in eukaryotes (1)Initiation, DNA-polα(primase activity) polδ (helicase activity) (2) Elongation, polδ, main enzyme of replication (3) Termination, To remove the primer , link the Okazaki fragments together, To link the replicons together, combind with histones to form nucleosomes, telomere formation 3. The difference of replication between in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes (1) Multiple replicons, (2) Five DNA polymerases, (3) The velocity of the replication, (4) Telomere replication, (5) histone and nucleosomes 4. types of DNA mutation 5. repair ways for DNA mutation 1. Process of DNA Replication in prokaryotes and in eukaryote 2. types of DNA mutation and main repair way, excision repair 1.What is the key step for the DNA replication? How to initiate replication in prokaryote and in eukaryote? 27 2. Describe telomere and telomerase and their functions 3. What are the results from DNA mutation? 广西医科大学理论课教案(3) 授课教师:吴耀生 教学课题 Teaching subject Chapter 11 Biosynthesis of RNA Section 1 Template and enzyme Section 2 Transcription in prokaryotes 课型 理论课 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class 教学目的 Teaching Aims 教学重点 Teaching key points 教学难点 Teaching nodus 教学方法 Teaching methods 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 35 min 1. Grasp concept, template for transcription, characters of transcription, RNA polymerase in prokaryote and in eukaryote, template strand and coding strand, transcription direction, extension reaction, operator 2. Know well transcription unit and its characteristics, operon, holoenzyme and core enzyme, transcriptioin initiation complex, rules for base pairing during transcription, transcription process 3. Have an appreciation about operon structure, operator characters, termination mechanisms 1. Concepts related to template strand, coding strand, transcription unit in prokaryote, sort and characters of RNA polymerase, composition and subunit function of RNA polymerase 2. transcription characters and process, initiation characters, extension, termination mechanism 1. asymmetric transcription, sort and characters of RNA polymerase, initiation complex, extension complex 2.termination mechanism, operon structure, polycistron and monocistron 讲授式+启发式+问题式 Problem basic learning: 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 1. Template (1) Structural gene (2) template strand ( Watson strand ) , coding strand ( Crick strand ) (3) RNA polymerase, DDRP, RNA pol (4) requairments for transcription 2. RNA polymerase in prokaryotes Holoenzyme α2ββ’ σ, take part in initiation Core enzyme α2ββ’ responsible for extension 15 min 3. RNA polymerase in Eukaryotes RNA pol I : 45S rRNA RNA pol II : hnRNA RNA pol III : tRNA, 5s rRNA, snRNA Summary 1 Requairments for transcription, characters of transcription, comparison of 28 (5 min) Problems transcription with replication 2 RNA polymerase in prokaryote and in eukaryote, sorts, structure, composition, functions 3 1. Why only one RNA polymerase are found in prokaryote? And how is it able to transcript so many different genes? 2. Why only one strand of DNA serves as template for transcription? 3. What is a holoenzyme? What is a core enzyme? 29 广西医科大学理论课教案(4) 授课教师:吴耀生 Chapter 11 Biosynthesis of RNA 教学课题 Section 3 Transcription in eukaryotes Teaching Section 4 Processing of post-transcription subject 教学目的 Teaching Aims Teaching key points Teaching methods 讲授式+启发式+问题式 Problem basic learning: 45 min 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class 1. Types and functions of RNA polymerase in eukayrote, some basic concepts 2. Differentiation of transcription between in prokaryote and in eukaryote 1. split gene, pre-initiation complex (PIC) 2. termination and post-transcription modification, 50 min 理论课 1. Grasp concepts of split gene, exon and intron, Transcription initiation characters 2. Know well termination mechanism in eukaryote 3. Have an appreciation about post-transcription modification, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, types of intron Teaching nodus 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 课型 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 1. mRNA gene organization (1) split gene (2) exon and intron (3) Cis-acting elements in eukaryotes (4) trans-action factors, transcriptional factors 2. Transcription process (1) the formation of pre-initiation complex (2) elongation process (3) termination mechanism in eukaryote and post-transcription modification 3. post-transcription modification (1) mRNA and hnRNA, post-transcription modification, splicing, adding 5’-cap and 3’-polyA, RNA editing (2) tRNA, post-transcription modification, splicing, adding CCA-OH to 3’-end, base modification (3) rRNA, post-transcription modification, 45S rRNA to be 28S, 18S, 5.8S rRNA Summary (5 min) 1 Transcription initiation characters 2 Termination mechanism in eukaryote 3 Differentiation between prokaryote and eukaryote Problems 1. Cis-acting elements and transcription factors in eukaryotes? 2. Why do RNA molecules from transcription have to suffer post-transcription modification ? 3. What are the differences of transcription between in prokaryote and in eukaryote? 30 广西医科大学理论课教案(5) 授课教师:吴耀生 教学课题 Teaching subject Chapter 12 Biosynthesis of Protein (Translation) Section 1 Requirements for Protein Biosynthesis Section 2 Biological Synthesis Process 教学目的 Teaching Aims 1. Grasp concepts of translation, ORF, codon, codon characters, functions of mRNA, tRNA, ribosome in translation, requirements for protein biosynthesis, initiation codon, terminational codon, extension direction of polypeptide chain 2. Know well structure, composition of ribosome, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, amino acid activation, aminoacyl-tRNAi, formation of translational initiation complex in prokaryote, ribosomal cycle 3. Have an appreciation about formation of tranlational initiation complex in eukaryote, elongation and termination, polysome, release factors 1. Requirements for protein biosynthesis, functions of mRNA, tRNA, ribosome, 2. Translation initiation, extension, termination, ribosome cycle 教学重点 Teaching key points 教学难点 Teaching nodus 教学方法 Teaching methods 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 50 min 45 min 课型 理论课 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class 1. Distinguish monocistron and polycistron, initiation differenciation of prokaryote and eukaryote 2. Wobble, Degeneracy of codons 3. initiation differences between in prokayrote and in eukayrate, Elongation process 讲授式+启发式+问题式 Problem basic learning: 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 1. Requirements of Protein Biosynthesis (1) Messenger RNA (mRNA) genetic code, Start codon, Termination (stop) codons, Reading frame, Initiation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Characteristics of codons on mRNA (Direction, Commaless, Degeneracy , Universality , Wobble) (2) Transfer RNA (tRNA) acceptor stem, anticodon stem and anticodon loop (3) rRNAs and Ribosomes prokaryotic ribosome, eukaryotic ribosome, Ribosomes was organized in three ways 2. Biological Synthesis Process of Protein (1) The activation and transfer of amino acids (2) The synthesis of polypeptide(Initiation, Elongation(Entry of aminoacyl-tRNA, Formation of peptide bond, Translocation of ribosome) , Termination Summary (5 min) Problems 1. Requairments for protein translation, 2. roles of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and ribosome in protein biosynthesis 3. characters of genetic code 1. Whether the requirements for all protein biosynthesis are same? What are the process of biosynthesis of Hb? 2. What are the significane for the degeneracy and wobble of codons, respectively? 31 广西医科大学理论课教案(6) 授课教师:吴耀生 Chapter 12 Biosynthesis of Protein (Translation) 教学课题 Section 3 Modification of Post-translation Teaching Section 4 Clinical Correlation of Protein Biosynthesis subject 课型 理论课 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class 教学目的 Teaching Aims 1. Grasp concepts of chaperons, targeting of protein, 2. Know well Primary structure modification, 3. Have an appreciation about Folding mechanism, Targeting mechanism, chaperons action, molecular diseases, Antibiotics mechanism, Interferon mechanism Teaching key points 1. Modification of protein primary structure,Targeting mechanism, Folding mechanism 2. some sample for molecular diseases Teaching nodus 1. Folding mechanism, Targeting mechanism 2. Antibiotics mechanism, Interferon mechanism Teaching methods 讲授式+启发式+问题式 Problem basic learning: 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 50 min 45 min 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 1. Post-translation Processing (1) Primary structure modification N-end modification, Glycosylation of proteins, Modification of protein on side chain structures (2) Folding mechanism, chaperons action Molecular chaperones, Isomerases(Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), Peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI)) (3) Targeting mechanism Destination of protein, Cytosol, Organelles, Secretion (4) The polymerization of subunits 2. The clinical correlation of protein biosynthesis (1) Molecular diseases (2) Antibiotics mechanism Tetracycline, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin (3) Interferon mechanism Summary (5 min) Problems 1 Destination of protein 2 post-translation processing 3 Hb diseases, antibiotics mechanism, interferon mechanism 1. Why and how is a new synthesis polypeptide needed to be modified? 2. What are the differences between antibiotics mechanism and sulfanilamide mechanism? 3. 32 广西医科大学理论课教案(7) 授课教师:吴耀生 Chapter 14 Gene Technology (Gene Cloning) 教学课题 Section 1 Target DNA Teaching Section 2 Tool enzymes subject 教学目的 Teaching Aims 课型 理论课 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class 1.Grasp the concepts of gene technology, gene cloning, target gene, tool enzyme, requirements of gene cloning, restriction endonuclease 2.Know well othter tool enzymes for gene cloning 3. Have an appreciation about significance of gene cloning, the methods to get a target gene, how to select a proper RE 教学重点 Teaching key points 1. target gene, methods to get target gene 教学难点 Teaching nodus 教学方法 Teaching methods 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 45 min 1. genome library, cDNA library 2. restriction endonuclease, characteristics, functions, and application of RE, 3. significance of gene cloning 2. characteristics, functions, and application of RE 讲授式+启发式+问题式 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) Chapter 17 Gene Technology 1. significance of gene cloning, requirements for gene cloning (1) use some examples to elucidate the significance of gene cloning, such as HBV (2) explain why target gene, vector, tool enzyme, host cells are needed for gene cloning (3) mention the basic procedures for gene cloning 2. target gene (1) how to make target gene, compare various methods (2) explain genome library and cDNA library 50 min Summary (5 min) Problems 3. tool enzymes (1) restriction endonuclease, type, characteristics and functions of RE (2) other modification enzyme needed for gene cloning and their functions 1.the requirements for gene cloning 2.the characteristics of RE, how to find a RE site on a DNA molecule 1. Why gene technology can be used to produce HBV vaccine? How to get HbsAg gene as target gene? 2. The requirements for gene cloning and their significance in gene cloning 3. How to select a proper RE for a gene cloning project? 33 广西医科大学理论课教案(8) 授课教师:吴耀生 Chapter 14 Gene Technology (Gene Cloning) 教学课题 Section 3 Vectors Teaching Section 4 Manipulation process of gene cloning subject 课型 理论课 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class 教学重点 Teaching key points 1.Grasp plasmid, characteristics of plasmid, specially cloning plasmid, Manipulation process of gene cloning 2.Keow well ligation methods and mechanism, of target gene with vector 3.Have an appreciation about mechanism of screening and identification, alpha-complementary 1. Structures and functions of plasmid 2. Construction of recombinant 3. Manipulation process of gene cloning 教学难点 Teaching nodus 1.Ligation methods and mechanism 2. Mechanism of screening and identification, alpha-complementary 3. 教学方法 Teaching methods 讲授式+启发式+问题式 教学目的 Teaching Aims 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 50 min 45 min Summary (5 min) Problems 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 1. Vectors (1) Basic characters of plasmids Characters, functions, application in gene cloning, origin site for self-replication, MCS, marks for screening (2) Bacteriophage λ (3) Bacteriophage M13 (4) Cosmids and other vectors 2. The basic process of DNA cloning (1) The preparation of target DNA (2)The selection and preparation of vectors (3) The ligation of DNA fragments in vitro (4) Foreign DNA is transported into host cells (5) The screening and identifying of target DNA Insertion inactivation, alpha-complementary screening 1. kinds of vectors 2. manupulation of gene cloning 3. ligation of target gene with vector 1. How to design a project to do gene cloning? 2. How to improve a gene structure with gene technology? 3.How to decide which one is a positive clone? 34 广西医科大学理论课教案(9) 授课教师:吴耀生 教学课题 Teaching subject Chapter 19 Blood Biochemistry 1.Composition and Function of Blood 2.The Plasma Proteins 3.Metabolism of Blood Cells 教学目的 Teaching Aims 1.Grasp 课型 理论课 对象 09 级全英班 English teaching class major compositions of blood, major functions of blood proteins, specially albumin 2.Know well the differences between serum and plasma, No-protein nitrogen and other metabolites presenting in plasma, their source and the clinic significances to be measured. The metabolism characters of blood cells, such as erythrocytes and leukocytes. 3. Have an appreciation about 教学重点 Teaching key points the advance about blood research 1. What are the major compositions of blood? What are the major functrions of blood proteins? 2. What are the major metabolites in plasma came from various body tissures? 3. What are the characteristics of blood cells? 教学难点 Teaching nodus 1.let the students know well blood cells metabolism 2.let the students feel blood functions related to the formed and unformed compositions in blood 教学方法 Teaching methods 讲授式+启发式+问题式 Problem basic learning: to use an example with mediterranean anemia,edema, jaundice, and so on. For each chapter, key points, questions and disease examples always be used to explain and develop the contents, and to ask students comprehension 课时安排 Arrangement of teaching hours 教学步骤、内容(详细内容见课件) 1. to introduce are the major compositions of blood (1) formed components, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, (2) unformed components, proteins, metabolites, NPN, BUN, creatine, bililubins, glucose, lipid, (3) the differences between plasma and serum and how to distinguish them 60 min 2. blood proteins (1) albumin and their functions, the biosynthesis of albumin (2) globulin and their functions 35 min 3. blood metabolism (1) erythrocytes: metabolism characters, no organelles, (2) haemoglobin, haem, synthesis and degradation (3) leukocytes metabolism characters Summary (5 min) 1. the main contents of blood biochemistry 2. the differences and connections between serum and plasma 3. pentose phosphate pathway in erythrocytes and haem biosynthesis and degradation Problems 1. ask students to find some information about blood disease related to blood cells 2. ask students to think about the clinic significances about the measurement of some metabolites in blood Textbook:Biochemistry,Chief Editors Zhao Baochang,Science and Technology Publishing House Students:2009 Grade Foreign Student Class (6 years class) Timetable:2010.09 ~2011.01 35