Download 广西医科大学理论课教案(1)

广西医科大学理论课教案(1)
授课教师:Zhou Sufang
教学课题
Teaching
subject
Introduction for Biochemistry
课型
理论课
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching
class
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
教学重点
Teaching key
points
1.Grasp
what is biochemistry? What does it research? What are the aims for this subject?
2.Know well Why have to learn biochemistry? How to learn Biochemistry?
3. Have an appreciation about
the background and history about the biochemistry research
1. Why have to learn biochemistry?
2. How to learn Biochemistry?
教学难点
Teaching
nodus
1.let the students like to learn biochemistry with ardor, willpower and
determination
热情 毅力 决心
2.let the students feel that Biochemistry is not so difficult to learn as their minds’
eye 想像 and believe that they could learn biochemistry very well
教学方法
Teaching
methods
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
Problem basic learning: to use an example with mediterranean anemia
For each chapter, key points, questions and disease examples always be used to
explain and develop the contents, and to ask students comprehension
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
1. to introduce what is biochemistry
(1) the main contents about biochemistry
(2) the significances about biochemistry
(3) the relationships between biochemistry and other preclinic subjects
2. how to learn biochemistry
(1) abide by the class rules
(2) spend more time to the subject (at least 8 hours for one topic )
(3) persist in thinking the topic and find more information about the topic
(4) stick to analyzing and summing-up the contents just learned
3. how to do assessment about the outcome for your study (Our plan in this
term)
35 min
15 min
Summary
(5 min)
1. the main contents of biochemistry
2. the differences and connections between biochemistry and other preclinic
subjects
Problems
1. ask students to find some information about biochemistry and disease
2. ask students to make personal plan about how to learn biochemistry
Textbook：Biochemistry，Chief Editors Zhao Baochang，Science and Technology Publishing House
Students：2008 Grade Foreign Student Class (6 years class)
1
Timetable：2010.03 ~2010.07
广西医科大学理论课教案（2）
授课教师:Zhou Sufang
Chapter One Protein structures and functions
教学课题
Section 1 amino acid composition and linkage in
Teaching
protein
subject
Section 2 molecular structure of proteins
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
教学重点
Teaching key
points
教学难点
Teaching
nodus
教学方法
Teaching
methods
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
课型
理论课
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching
class
1.Grasp macromolecules, functions of proteins, amino acids structure formula and characters,
sorts of AA, polypeptide chain and peptide, peptide bond, peptide planar, protein primary,
secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures, forces to make these structures stable, the rule to write
the polypeptide chain
2.Know well important physicochemical properties of AA, three letters for AA, R group of AA,
have familiar with some special example as Insulin, Hb, Mb structure characters
3. Have an appreciation about biological active peptides, and their significances, the
relationship between proteins and various levels of their structures
1. the basic composition units of proteins, amino acids, structure characters and sorts
2. some important concepts about protein and AA( polypeptide, peptide, peptide bond, peptide
unit, main chain and side chain, of polypeptide chain, primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
structures of proteins)
3. the characters and correlation of various levels of protein structures
1. composition units of proteins, coded amino acids and other amino acids presented in
polypeptides chain ,
2. secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures of proteins, main chain, side chain, of proteins
3. the factors effecting on protein structures stability
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
Chapter Two
Protein structures and functions
1.protein basic composition---(1) amino acid, sort, structure characters, important physicochemical properties
(2)peptides and polypeptides
(3) glutathione
2. protein molecular structures
(1) the primary structure of proteins
(2) the secondary structure of proteins, α-helix, β-pleat sheet, β-turn, random coils, motifs
(3) the tertiary structure of proteins, domain, chaperonin
(4) the quaternary structure of proteins, the relationship among various levels of protein structures
Summary
(5 min)
1.the characters of protein element compositions, the structure characters of amino acids of
protein basic composition units
2.the structure characters of proteins
3. special examples, Insulin, Hb, Mb
Problems
1. Which amino acids could take part in the protein compositions in nature? Which amino acid
could present in protein structure but not directly take part in the protein biosynthesis? Why?
2. Whether all proteins have quaternary structures? Whether all the proteins with tertiary
structures have biological activity?
3. Which kinds of factors could effect on protein spatial structures stability?
2
广西医科大学理论课教案(3)
授课教师:Zhou Sufang
Chapter One Protein structures and functions
教学课题
Section 3 relationship between protein structures and
Teaching
functions
subject
Section 4 Physicochemical properties of proteins and
isolation and purification
课型
理论课
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching
class
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
1.Grasp relationships between structures and functions of proteins
2.Keow well change of protein structures related to functions of proteins, as well as relationship
with diseases, important physicochemical properties of proteins
3.Have an appreciation about isolation and purification of proteins, methods and principles
教学重点
Teaching
key points
1.structures and functions of proteins, introducing some special examples
2.the changes of structures and functions of proteins related to diseases
3．Important physicochemical properties of proteins, specially about the relationship between
protein denaturation and functions
教学难点
Teaching
nodus
1.Primary structure of proteins and their functions, molecular diseases
教学方法
Teaching
methods
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
2.allosteric effect of hemoglobin
3．
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
1.relationship of protein structures and functions
(1) relationship of protein primary structure and functions
(2) relationship of protein spatial structures and functions
(3) allosteric effect and its function characters of Hb
50 分钟
(4) comparison of Hb structure and function with Mb’s
(5) protein conformational change and diseases ( mad cow disease)
2. physicochemical properties of proteins and isolation and purification
(1) physicochemical properties of proteins
Amphoteric dissociation of proteins, colloid properties of proteins, denaturation, precipitation
and coagulation, ultraviolet absorbance, pigment reaction of proteins
(2) isolation and purification of proteins
45 分钟
Methods and principles of isolation, salt out, electrophoresis, gel filtration chromatography
3. analysis of amino acid sequence in polypeptide chain,(omitted)
4.mensuration of protein spatial structures ( omitted )
Summary
(5 min)
1.protein structures and functions
2.changes of protein functions and diseases
3．Some examples
Problems
1.What are the distinguish between Hb and Mb?
2.What are molecular diseases? How to analyze molecular diseases?
3．How to isolate and purify and to do determination about a protein in biological sample
utilizing the physicochemical properties of proteins?
3
广西医科大学理论课教案(4)
授课教师:Zhou Sufang
教学课题
Teaching
subject
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
Chapter Two Structures and Functions of Nucleic
Acids
Section 1 The Monomeric Units of Nucleic Acids
Section 2 Structure of DNA
1. Grasp
课型
理论课
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching
class
basic units for nucleic acid, the sorts of nucleotides，the secondary structure of DNA
and their characters
2. Know well
Types of nucleic acids and their functions, primary structure, major connection
bonds, the differences between DNA and RNA
3. Have an appreciation about
教学重点
Teaching key
points
DNA research background, functions, et al.
1.the sorts of nucleic acids，structure characters，basic units
2.DNA structures and functions
教学难点
Teaching
nodus
1.DNA various structure levels，diversity of DNA double helix
2.DNA super helix structure and their assembly
教学方法
Teaching
methods
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
Problem basic learning:
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
35 min
15 min
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
1. The chemical composition, primary structure of nucleic acids
(1) nucleotide structures，sorts，the differences between purine nucleotide and
pyrimidine nucleotide, the actions of nucleotides in organism
(2) The primary structures of nucleic acids
(3) The major connection bonds of nucleic acid primary structure, main chain,
side chain, written rules for sequence of nucleic acid
2. Spacial structure and functions of DNA molecule
(1) Secondary structure of DNA----double helix model of DNA，learn about
DNA research background, the key points of the model, diversity
(2) The DNA super helix structure and their assembly in chromatins
(3) The DNA functions
Summary
(5 min)
1.The chemical composition difference between DNA and RNA
2.The comparison for DNA and RNA，including composition units, distributing in
cell, function diversity
3. The key points of DNA secondary structure
Problems
1. How to compare DNA with RNA?
2. How to understand the double helix structure of DNA? What are the
significances for the founding of DNA double helix?
3. What are the important actions of nucleotides in organic body?
4
广西医科大学理论课教案(5)
授课教师:Zhou Sufang
教学课题
Teaching
subject
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
Chapter Two Structures and Functions of Nucleic
Acids
Section 3 RNA structure and function
Section 4 Physicochemical properties and DNA
denaturation and renaturation
1. Grasp
课型
理论课
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching
class
main sorts of RNA, structure characters, functions, DNA denaturation and
renaturation.
2. Know well distribution of RNA, contents, general physicochemical properties
3. Have an appreciation about other small RNAs and RNA genome, nucleic acid
hybridization principle
教学重点
Teaching key
points
1.mRNA，tRNA，rRNA structure characters and biological functions
2.DNA denaturation, renaturation and their application
教学难点
Teaching
nodus
1.differnces among various RNA structures
2. the relationship between nucleic acid physicochemical properties and their
structures
3. the relationship between nuclei acid hybridization and DNA denaturation and
renaturation
教学方法
Teaching
methods
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
Problem basic learning:
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
1. RNA structure and functions
(1) mRNA structure and functions(primary structure, codons, functions)
(2) tRNA structure and functions (primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure,
functions )
35 min
(3) rRNA structure and functions
(4) other small RNA and RNA genome
2.physicochemical properties of nucleic acid and denaturation and renaturation
(1) general physicochemical properties: high molecule, high viscidity, ultraviolet absorbance
(2) DNA denaturation: hyperchromic effect, melting temperature
15 min
(3) DNA renaturation and molecular hybridization, annealing, principle of hybridization
3. nuclease( nucleic acid enzymes)
(1) sorts of nucleases and their characters
(2) the differences between nuclease and ribozymes
Summary
(5 min)
1.the main sorts and their differences of nucleic acids
2.the development of DNA molecular hybridization and DNA denaturation, renaturation
3.nucleases and ribozymes
Problems
1.What are the differences between RNA and DNA？
2.What are the main distinctness as mRNA compared with tRNA at primary and secondary
structures？
3.What are the differences between nucleases and ribozymes？
5
广西医科大学理论课教案(6)
授课教师:Zhou Sufang
教学课题
Teaching
subject
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
Chapter Three Enzymes
Section 1 Structure and Function of Enzymes
Section 2 Nomenclature and Classification
Section 3 Properties and Catalytic Mechanisms of
Enzymes
1. Grasp
课型
理论课
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching
class
concept of enzyme, composition characters, active center, binding group, catalytic
group, enzyme catalyzed reaction characters, enzyme specificity
2. Know well
enzyme catalyzed reaction mechanism, induced-fit hypothesis, classification
of enzymes
3. Have an appreciation about activation energy, transition state,
教学重点
Teaching key
points
1. Concepts related to enzymes, such as enzyme, active center, specificity of
enzyme, composition and structures of enzymes
2. Enzyme catalytic reaction characters , the importance of enzymes to human
教学难点
Teaching
nodus
1. Enzyme catalyzed reaction mechanism
2.
教学方法
Teaching
methods
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
Problem basic learning:
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
1. Structure and Function of Enzymes
(1) Composition of Enzyme molecules
Simple enzyme, Conjugated enzyme, holoenzyme, Apoenzyme, Cofactor
(2) The various sorts of enzymes
35 min
Monomeric enzyme, Oligomeric enzyme, Multienzyme system, Multifunctional enzyme or
tandem enzyme
(3) Active Site of an Enzymes
(4) Structure and function of Enzymes
2. Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes
15 min
(1) Nomenclature of Enzyme
Common naming method, Systematic naming method
(2) Classification of Enzyme
3. Properties and Catalytic Mechanisms of Enzymes
(1) Properties of Enzyme Catalyzed Reaction
The
Summary
(5 min)
Problems
common
characters
of an
enzyme
The
Characters of enzyme catalysis
(2)
Catalytic Mechanism of Enzymes
and a general
catalyst
1 Composition characters of Enzyme molecules
2
Properties of Enzyme Catalyzed Reaction
3
Nomenclature of Enzyme
1. What is the substrate specificity of an enzyme?
2. If an enzyme has the EC number 4.3.2.1, What kind of enzyme does it belong to?
3. What is a holoenzyme? What is an apoenzyme? What are cofactors?
6
Teaching plan of Biochemistry for the 2009 grade
undergraduates from abroad
Lecturer: Lin Wenzhen
The contents
of lecture
Aims of
teaching
Key points of
teaching
Difficulties
of teaching
Teaching
measures
The
arrangement
of class hour
Summary
(5min)
Questions
Section C Enzymes
C3 Introduction to enzymes
Lecture
model
Students
Theoretical
lecture
09 grade
undergraduates
1.To understand the concept of enzymes and the differences between
enzymes and ribozymes, the characteristics of enzyme actions
2.To be familiar with the activation energy and free energy change
in a reaction system, and why enzymes can increase the rate of
reaction catalyzed by enzyme, active site of enzymes, substrate
specificity of enzyme as well as enzyme classification
3.To have an appreciation of the chemical equilibrium of the
catalytic reaction
1.What are enzymes, the characteristics of enzyme actions
2.What is active site, and what are substrate specificities
3.How enzymes can be classified, what is the four-digit number of
an enzyme
1.The mechanism by which enzymes can speed up the rate of reactions
2.The active site of an enzyme and how it relates to the functions
of the enzyme
3.The substrate specificity of enzymes
Lecture＋suggestion＋discussion＋figure
Teaching schedule, contents
1. Enzymes as catalysts
2. Activation energy and transition state
3. Free energy change
4. Chemical equilibria
5. Active site
6. Substrate specificity
7. Enzyme classification
1.
2.
1.
2.
Enzymes and
Active site
Why we need
What is the
(15min)
(15min)
(10min)
(5min)
(10min)
(20min)
(20min)
biocatalysts
and substrate specificity of enzyme
to study enzymology
most important for the activity of an enzyme
7
Teaching plan of Biochemistry for the 2009 grade
undergraduates from abroad
Lecturer: Lin Wenzhen
The contents
of lecture
Aims of
teaching
Key points of
teaching
Difficulties
of teaching
Teaching
measures
The
arrangement
of class hour
Summary
(5min)
Questions
C3 Factors affecting enzyme activity
Theoretical
lecture
09 grade
undergraduates
1.To understand which factors can affect enzyme activity, the
difference between simple or conjugated enzymes. To understand the
concepts of holoenzyme and apoenzyme, coenzyme and prosthetic
groups, as well as isoenzymes
2.To be familiar with how to do enzyme assay and the optimum pH or
optimum temperature of an enzyme, and [S], [E]’s effect to the
activity of enzyme
3.To have an appreciation of linked enzyme assays
1. The factors which can affect enzyme activity
2. [S], [E], optimum pH, optimum T,
3. Cofactors and holoenzymes, isoenzymes
1. The rate of catalytic reaction affected by the change of substrate
concentration
2. Hyperbolic curve of the plot of [S] against V0
3. The differences between simple enzymes and conjugated enzymes
Lecture＋suggestion＋discussion
Teaching schedule, contents
1. Enzyme assays
2. Linked enzyme assays
3. Enzyme velocity
4. Substrate concentration
5. Enzyme concentration
6. Temperature
7. pH
8. Coenzymes and prosthetic groups
9. Isoenzymes
Lecture
model
Students
(10min)
(10min)
(10min)
(15min)
(5min)
(10min)
(10min)
(10min)
(15min)
1. The velocity of reaction catalyzed by enzymes
2. [S], [E], pH, Temperature, isoenzymes
1. What is the hyperbolic curve of an enzyme?
2. What is the optimum pH and optimum temperature of an enzyme
3. What are isoenzymes? What are the significances of the assay of
isoenzymes in blood? Can you bring up some examples?
8
Teaching plan of Biochemistry for the 2009grade undergraduates
from abroad
Lecturer: Lin Wenzhen
The contents
of lecture
Aims of
teaching
Key points of
teaching
Difficulties
of teaching
Teaching
measures
The
arrangement
of class hour
Summary
(5min)
Questions
C3 Enzyme kinetics and inhibition
Theoretical
lecture
09 grade
undergraduates
1.To understand the Michaelis-Menten equation, Km, Vmax, enzyme
inhibition
2.To be familiar with Lineweaver-Burk plot and the differences
between irreversible and reversible inhibition, and the differences
between competitive and noncompetitive inhibition
3.To have an appreciation of the meaning of Michaelis-Menten
equation
1. Michaelis-Menten equation and Lineweaver-Burk plot of 1/V
against 1/[S], Km, Vmax
2. Enzyme inhibition
1. How does the Michaelis-Menten equation be deduced from a simple
catalytic reaction
2.The differences between the irreversible and reversible
inhibition
Lecture＋suggestion＋discussion＋figure
Teaching schedule, contents
1. Michaelis-Menten model
2. Lineveaver-Burk plot
3. Enzyme inhibition
4. Irreversible inhibition
5. Reversible inhibition
6. Reversible competitive inhibition
7. Reversible noncompetitive inhibition
Lecture
model
Students
(15min)
(15min)
(10min)
(10min)
(15min)
(15min)
(15min)
1. Michaelis-Menten equation and Lineweaver-Burk plot
2. Enzyme inhibition
1. Why the Lineweaver-Burk plot has to be used to get the Km and
Vmax of an enzyme?
2. What are the kinetic changes related to Km and Vmax when
reversible competitive or reversible noncompetitive inhibition
take place?
9
Teaching plan of Biochemistry for the 2009 grade
undergraduates from abroad
Lecturer: Lin Wenzhen
The contents
of lecture
Aims of
teaching
Key points of
teaching
Difficulties
of teaching
Teaching
measures
The
arrangement
of class hour
Summary
(5min)
Questions
C3 Control of enzyme activity
Lecture
model
Students
Theoretical
lecture
09 grade
undergraduates
1.To understand the characteristics of allosteric enzymes,
reversible covalent modification, zymogens and their proteolytic
activation
2.To be familiar with feedback regulation, commonly covalent
modification phosphorylation/dephosphorylation
3.To have an appreciation of regulation of enzyme synthesis and
breakdown
1.Characteristics of allosteric enzymes
2.Reversible covalent modification
3.Zymogens and their proteolytic activation
1.The differences between the controls of enzyme activities by
allosteric regulation or by covalent modification
2.The differences between zymogen proteolytic activation and
covalent modification
Lecture＋suggestion＋discussion
Teaching schedule, contents
1. Feedback regulation
(20 min )
2. Allosteric enzymes
(25 min )
3. reversible covalent modification
(20 min )
4. Proteolytic activation
(20 min)
5. Regulation of enzyme synthesis and breakdown (10 min )
1. Allosteric enzymes and allosteric regulation
2. Reversible covalent modification and phosphorylation and
dephosphorylation
3. The characters of zymogens and their proteolytic activation
1. How the activities of enzymes can be regulated quickly in organism
2.What are the differences between allosteric regulation and
covalent modification?
3.What are the differences between zymogens and enzymes?
10
广西医科大学理论课教案
授课教师: Lin Wenzhen
教学课题
Chapter 4 Metabolism of Carbohydrates
(300min)
课型
理论课
对象
09 级本英
教学目的
1.掌握: Anaerobic degradation of Glucose;
Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose
2.熟悉: Glycogen Formation and Degradation
Gluconeogenesis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway
3.了解: The physiological functions of saccharides; Digestion and Absorption of
Carbohydrates;
教学重点
1. Glycolysis
2. Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
3. Glycogen Formation and Degradation
4.
教学难点
1.
2.
3.
4.
教学方法
启发式
课时安排
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
Section one
Introduction
1. The physiological functions of saccharides
To be oxidized and to supply energy
Participate in the composition of tissue cells in organism.
Work as remarkably versatile precursors for biosynthetic reactions
2. Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates
Digestion of Carbohydrates
Digesting place:
Process of digesting
Absorption of Carbohydrates
Absorption place
Molecule absorbed
Monosaccharide, mainly glucose
Mechanism of absorption
The Fate of Absorbed Glucose
Section Two
Glycolysis(Anaerobic degradation of Glucose)
1. Basic Process of Glycolysis
Definition of Glycolysis
The site of glycolysis is cytoplasm.
2.Pyruvate Formation from Glucose
The characters of glucokinase
Glucose-6-phosphate →Fructose-6-phosphate
fructose-6-phosphate → Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
30min
50min
The significance of Glycolysis
The Regulation of Glycogensis and Glycogenolysis
The key points of TAC
Regulation of Blood Sugar Level
11
20min
40min
phosphohexose →2 molecules of phosphotriose
Phosphotrioses interconverse
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate→1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate→3-phosphoglycerate
substrate level phosphorylation
3-phosphoglycerate→2-phosphoglycerate
2-phosphoglycerate →phophoenolpyruvate, PEP
Phosphoenolpyruvate → pyruvate, and yield ATP through substrate level
phosphorylation
3. Conversion of Pyruvate to Lactate
Summary for glycolysis
(1) Reaction site：in cytoplasm
(2) It is a process to produce energy without oxygen
(3) There are three irreversible reaction steps
(4) The manner to yield energy ：
(5) The fate of the final product lactate
4.Regulation of Glycolysis
5.The significance of Glycolysis
(1) Glycolysis is the emergency energy-yielding pathway.
(2) Glycolysis is the main way to produce ATP in some tissues, even though
the oxygen supply is sufficient
In cells without mitochondria, red blood cells
In metabolism active cells, retina, testis, skin, medulla of kidney.
Section Three Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose
1. Concept
2. Basic Process of Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose
First stage：Glycolytic pathway
Secondary stage：The oxidation and decarboxylation of pyruvate
Third stage：Tricarboxylic cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation
2.1 Oxidation of Glucose to Pyruvate
2.2 pyruvate be transported into mitochondria and decarboxylated to form acetyl
CoA.
The composition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
2.3 Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, TAC
Summary for TAC
① Concept of TAC
② The location of TAC is mitochondria
③ The key points of TAC: For each cycle of TAC
Key enyzmes： citrate synthase ， isocitrate dehydrogenase
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
④ TAC is an irreversible cycle
⑤ Intermediates in TAC and other metabolism
3. ATP Generated in the Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose
4. The Regulation of Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose
12
50min
40min
20min
Section Four Glycogen Formation and Degradation
Glycogen ，Structure of glycogen
1. Glycogen Formation ( glycogenesis )
Synthesis sites in organism
Definition of glycogenesis
(1) Glucose is phosphorylated to G-6-P
G-6-P turn to G-1-P;
G-1-P turn to UDPG
Formation of α-1,4-glucosidic bond
One more glucose is added to the glycogen primer or glycogen molecule
The formation of branch of glycogen
Enzymes： Glycogen synthase (key enzyme)
2. Glycogen Degradation ( Glycogenolysis )
Definition of glycogenolysis; Cellular site：in cytoplasm
(1) Glycogen suffer phosphorolysis
(2) Debranching enzyme
① transfer glycosyl residues
② hydrolyzing -1,6-glycosidic bond transferase
(3) G-1-P turn to G-6-P
(4) G-6-P is hydrolyzed to yield glucose
3. The fates of G-6-P metabolism
4. The Regulation of Glycogensis and Glycogenolysis
The important characters of these two enzymes：
5. The Significance of Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis
6. glycogen storage diseases
Section Five Gluconeogenesis
Cellular site: In cytoplasm and mitochondria in liver or kidney
Raw material：Glycerol, glucogenic amino, lactate, and other organic acids
Definition:
1.The Basic Process of Gluconeogenesis
1.1 The Conversion of Pyruvate to Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
1.2 F-1,6-DP turns to F-6-P
1.3 G-6-P is hydrolyzed to glucose
2. The Cori Cycle (Lactate cycle )
The significances of Cori Cycle
3. Regulation of Gluconeogenesis
4. The Significance of Glyconeogenesis
Section six Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Concept of pentose phosphate pathway
Location in cell：in cytoplasm
1. first stage： The oxidative non-reversible phase to yield pentose phosphate,
NADPH+H+ and CO2
secondary stage: Non-oxidative reversible phase, including the transfer of a
series of groups
2. The Significance of pentose Phosphate Pathway
13
40min
2.1 To supply ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthesis
2.2 To produce NADPH for reductive synthesis such as fatty acid and steroid
biosynthesis
(1)NADPH is the donor of hydrogen for biosynthesis of fatty acid and
cholesterol.
(2)NADPH can participate in the hydroxylation reaction, involving
biotransformation in organism
(3) NADPH can keep the reduction of GSH
Section Seven Blood Glucose and Its Regulation
Blood sugar refers the level of glucose in blood.
Normal blood sugar concentration:3.89~6.11mmol/L
1. Blood Sugar Level:The source and fate of blood sugar
2. Regulation of Blood Sugar Level
Mainly, the regulation depends on hormones
Insulin
Glucagon
Epinephrine (adrenalin )
Glucocorticoids
3. Abnormal Blood Sugar Level
3.1 Hyperglycemia
Definition
Renal threshold for glucose
Diabetes mellitus, DM
Ⅰtype ---- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Ⅱtype ---- non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
3.2 hypoglycemia
Definition
The disease related to the metabolism of galactose----Galactosemia
小
结
(10 分钟)
1. Anaerobic Degradation of glucose
2. Aerobic oxidation of glucose
3. Pentose phosphate pathway
4. Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis
5. Gluconeogenesis
6. Blood sugar and regulation
思 考 题
1.As you know, which kinds of sugar in daily life belong to monosaccharide?
Which ones belong to disaccharide? Which ones belong to polysaccharide?
2. What are the key enzymes for the glycolysis pathway? The location in cells?
3. Which kinds of substances can be turned to glucose through gluconeugensis
pathway?
4. How many ATP could be produced when one of molecule of glucose be
metabolized by glycolysis pathway or by aerobic oxidization pathway?
5. What are the significances of pentose phosphate pathway ?
6. In which organ, glycogen can be degraded to glucose ? Why?
14
Teaching plan of Biochemistry for the 2009 grade
undergraduates from abroad
Lecturer: Lin Wenzhen
The contents
of lecture
Aims of
teaching
Key points of
teaching
Difficulties
of teaching
Teaching
measures
The
arrangement
of class hour
Summary
(5 min)
Questions
Chapter5 LIPID METABOLISM
K1 Structures and roles of fatty acids
K2 Fatty acid breakdown
Lecture
model
Students
Theoretical
lecture
09 grade
undergraduates
1.To understand the structures and properties of fatty acids,
triglyceride, etc, as well as their major biological roles in the living;
the β-oxidation of fatty acids
2.To be familiar with the nomenclature of fatty acids, the transport
of fatty acids into mitochondria
3.To have an appreciation of the oxidation of other fatty acids such
as unsaturated fatty acids or odd-chain fatty acids
1.The characteristics of fatty acid structure and their
classification
2.The concept ofβ-oxidation and its characteristics
3.The producing and degradation of ketone bodies
1. The pathway of fatty acid degradation
2. Oxidation of other fatty acid such as unsaturated fatty acids
and odd-chain fatty acids
Lecture＋suggestion＋discussion
Teaching schedule, contents
1.Structures and roles of fatty acids
(30 min)
(1) Structure and properties
(10 min )
(2) Nomeclature
(8 min )
(3) Roles of fatty acids in the living
(9 min )
(4) Prostaglandins
(8 min )
2.Fatty acid breakdown
(65 min)
(1) Overview
(2 min )
(2) Activation
(5 min )
(3) Transport into mitochondria
(5 min )
(4) β-oxidation pathway
(15 min )
(5) Oxidation of unsaturated or odd-chain fatty acids (10 min )
(6) Regulation
(5 min )
(7) Energy yield
(10 min )
(8) Ketone bodies
(13 min )
1.The structures of fatty acids and their roles in the living
2.β-oxidation of fatty acids and ketone bodies
1.What are the roles of fatty acids in the living?
2.What are β-oxidation and ketone bodies?
15
Teaching plan of Biochemistry for the 2009 grade
undergraduates from abroad
Lecturer: Lin Wenzhen
The contents
of lecture
Aims of
teaching
Key points of
teaching
Difficulties
of teaching
Teaching
measures
The
arrangement
of class hour
Summary
(5 min)
Questions
K3
K4
Fatty acid synthesis
Metabolism of triacylglycerols
Lecture
model
Students
Theoretical
lecture
09grade
undergraduates
1.To understand the process of fatty acid synthesis. To understand the
pathways of the synthesis and breakdown of triacylglycerols in organisms.
2.To be familiar with the formation of double bonds of fatty acids
3.To have an appreciation of the regulation of fatty acids and
triacylglycerols metabolism
1.The process of fatty acid synthesis
2.The pathway of the synthesis and breakdown of triacylglycerols
1.The transport of acetyl coA from the mitochondrial matrix into
the cytosol
2.The formation of double bonds in fatty acids
Lecture＋suggestion＋discussion
Teaching schedule, contents
1.Fatty acid synthesis
(1) Overview
(2) Transport into the cytosol
(3) The pathway
(4) formation of double bonds
(5) Regulation
2.Metabolism of triacylglycerols
(1) Structure and function
(2) Synthesis
(3) Breakdown
(4) Regulation
1.The
2.The
1.Can
acids
2.Why
synthesis of fatty acids
synthesis and degradation of triacylglycerols
you list the enzymes participating the synthesis of fatty
in organisms?
will it be obese when carbohydrates have been fed up too much?
16
Teaching plan of Biochemistry for the 2009 grade
undergraduates from abroad
Lecturer: Lin Wenzhen
The contents
of lecture
Aims of
teaching
Key points of
teaching
Difficulties
of teaching
Teaching
measures
The
arrangement
of class hour
Summary
(5 min)
Questions
K5 Cholesterol metabolism
K6 Lipoproteins
Lecture
model
Students
Theoretical
lecture
09 grade
undergraduates
1.To understand the function of cholesterol and lipoproteins, Bile
salts, the fate of cholesterol in human bodies
2.To be familiar with the pathway of biosynthesis of cholesterol,
and the concept and sorts of lipoproteins in plasma
3.To have an appreciation of the diseases related to the metabolism
of lipid
1.The functions of cholesterol, the biosynthesis and regulation of
cholesterol
2.The structure and function of lipoproteins, the sorts of
lipoprotein in plasma
1.The biosynthesis and regulation of cholesterol
2.The differences between lipid in blood and lipoproteins in plasma
3.The source and the fate of lipoproteins in plasma
Lecture＋suggestion＋discussion
Teaching schedule, contents
1.Cholesterol metabolism
( 45 min )
(1) Functions of cholesterol
( 5 min )
(2) Biosynthesis of cholesterol
( 10 min )
(3) Regulation of cholesterol
( 5 min )
(4) Bile salts
( 10 min )
(5) Vitamin D
( 10 min )
(6) Steroid hormones
( 5 min )
2. Liproteins
( 50 min )
(1) Structure and function
( 15 min )
(2) Chylomicrons
( 10 min )
(3) VLDLs, IDLs, and LDLs, as well as HDLs
( 15 min )
(4) Atherosclerosis
( 5 min )
(5) Familial hypercholecteolemia
( 5 min )
1.The functions and the biosyntheis of cholesterol
2.The structure and functions of lipoprotein in blood
1.What are the raw material for the biosynthesis of cholesterol
2.What are the fate of cholesterol in human body
3.Can you list some diseases related to the metabolism of lipid
17
广西医科大学理论课教案
授课教师: Lin Wenzhen
教学课题
Chapter 6 Biological Oxidation
(200min)
教学目的
1.掌握：Respiratory Chain
Oxidative Phosphorylation
2.熟悉：ATP and Other Energy-rich Compounds,
Energy from Cytosolic NADH
3.了解：Other Biological Oxidation
教学重点
1. Respiratory Chain
2. Oxidative Phosphorylation
教学难点
1. Oxidative Phosphorylation
2. Energy-rich Compounds
3. Energy from Cytosolic NADH
教学方法
启发式
课时安排
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
课型
理论课
对象
09 grade
undergraduates
20min
1. Principle of Redox reaction
Biological Oxidation：Loss of electrons Dehydrogenation oxygenation
Redox reaction
Electrochemical half cell:
E°(standard electrode potential)
Eo’ (Standard Oxidation-Reduction Potential)
The standard free energy change
ΔGo’
50min
2. Respiratory Chain
Term:
Four complexes
Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase)
Complex II: Succinate dehydrogenase (Succinate: CoQ oxidoreductase)
Complex III: cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinone Cyt c oxidoreductase)
Complex IV: cytochrome oxidase
Coenzyme Q ubiquinone/ol
Cytochrome c
There are two respiratory chains NADH respiratory chain
FADH2 respiratory chain
50min
3.Oxidative Phosphorylation
The Chemiosmotic Theory
18
Electrochemical H+ gradient (Proton-motive force)
ATP Synthase
P/O ratios
Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation
35min
4. ATP and Other Energy-rich Compounds
Some Energy-rich compounds
The hydrolysis of energy-rich bond:
Transport of high-energy bond energies
Energy utilization
Transport of the terminal phosphate bond of ATP to the other nucleoside
25min
5. Energy from Cytosolic NADH
Glycerol phosphate shuttle
Malate aspartate shuttle
15min
6. Other Biological Oxidation
Monoxygenases dioxygenase
Free Radical Scavenging Enzymes
Superoxide dismutases(SODs)
Glutathione peroxidase
. Catalase (in peroxisomes)
小
结
(5 分钟)
1.
2.
3.
4.
思 考 题
1.
2.
Respiratory Chain
Oxidative Phosphorylation
ATP and Other Energy-rich Compounds
Energy from Cytosolic NADH
19
广西医科大学理论课教案
授课教师: Cai danzhao
教学课题
Chapter 7 Catabolism of Proteins
(300min)
课型
理论课
对象
09 级本英
教学目的
1.掌握: deamination of amino acids;
Metabolism of ammonia; Metabolism of one carbon units
2.熟悉: nutritional requirement and nutritional quality of protein; putrefaction,
degradation of proteins;
Metabolism of carbon skeleton, decarboxylation
3.了解: digestion and absorption of proteins;
教学重点
1. deamination of amino acids, Metabolism of ammonia
2. Metabolism of one carbon units
3. nutritional requirement and nutritional quality of protein
教学难点
1. Metabolism of one carbon units
2. putrefaction,
3. Metabolism of carbon skeleton
4. decarboxylation
教学方法
启发式
课时安排
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
40min
1. nutritional function of proteins
nutritional requirement of proteins
nitrogen balance: (normal adult)
Positive nitrogen balance
Negative nitrogen balance
nutritional quality of protein
Essential Amino Acids
Non-essential Amino
Semi-essential Amino
Complementary Effect of Dietary Proteins
50min
2. digestion and absorption and putrefaction
Digestion;
In stomach:
In small intestine (main)
Proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic juice
absorption;
Location:
seven transport systems
putrefaction
Products
20
30min
100min
70min
3. degradation of proteins in cells
Protein turnover
Lysosomal pathway;
cytosol pathway
Ubiquitin:
The process of ubiquitin pathway
4. amino acid catabolism: general
Amino acid metabolic pool
deamination of amino acids
Oxidative deamination
- Non-oxidative deamination
- Transamination
Aminotransferases (transaminases)
-Coupling the transamination with
deamination of glutamate
Purine nucleotide cycle
Metabolism of ammonia
Source of ammonia in blood
Transport of ammonia in blood
Formation of Urea
Process of urea cycle
Regulation in urea biosynthesis
Hyperammonemia
Metabolism of carbon skeleton
Ketogenic amino acids
Glucogenic amino acids
5. amino acid catabolism: individual
Decarboxylation of amino acids
γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
Histamine
5-Hydroxytryptamine
Metabolism of one carbon units
Methyl, methylene, methenyl, formyl, formimino
Metabolism of methionine, cysteine and cystine
Methionine cycle
Creatine and creatine phosphate
Systhesis of Taurine
Formation of PAPS
Glutathione (GSH)
Metabolism of aromatic amino acids
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Metabolism of tyrosine
21
Parkinson’s disease
Metabolism of tryptophan
Metabolism of branched-chain amino acids
小
结
(10 分钟)
1. nutritional function of proteins; putrefaction
2. deamination of amino acids, Metabolism of ammonia
3. Decarboxylation of amino acids
思 考 题
1. What are you know about Hyperammonemia?
2. What are the key enzymes, main pathway, main products of deamination?
22
广西医科大学理论课教案
授课教师: cai danzhao
教学课题
Chapter 8 Nucleotide Metabolism
（100min）
课型
理论课
对象
09 级本英
教学目的
1.掌握: Metabolism of purine nucleotides;
Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides;
2.熟悉: function of nucleotides; Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of NDP and NTP
3.了解: dysmetabolism; antimetabolites
教学重点
1. Metabolism of purine nucleotides
2. Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides
3. Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis
教学难点
1. Metabolism of purine nucleotides
2. Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides
3. dysmetabolism
教学方法
启发式
课时安排
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
10min
1. function of nucleotides
Precursors for RNA and DNA synthesis
Energy substance in body (ATP)
Physiological Mediators (cAMP)
Components of coenzymes (NAD+)
Allosteric effectors and donor of phosphate group (phosphorylation)
Formation of activated intermediates
UDP-glucose, CDP-choline
30min
2. Metabolism of purine nucleotides
Digestion and absorption of nucleotide
Biosynthesis of purine nucleotides
Characteristics of de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides
Salvage synthesis of purine nucleotides
Degradation of purine nucleotides
Formation of uric acid
30min
3. Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides;
Biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides
De novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides
Characteristics of de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides
Process of de novo synthesis of UMP
23
Regulation of de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides
Salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleotides
Degradation of pyrimidine nucleotides
5min
4. Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis
5min
5. Biosynthesis of NDP and NTP
10min
6. dysmetabolism
5min
7. antimetabolites
小
结
(5 分钟)
1. function of nucleotides
2. Metabolism of purine nucleotides
3. Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides
思 考 题
1. What are you know about Gout?
24
广西医科大学理论课教案
授课教师: cai danzhao
教学课题
Chapter 9 Regulation of Metabolism
(200min)
课型
理论课
对象
09 级本英
教学目的
1. 掌握: Concepts of key enzyme, Feedback Regulation,
Substrate
Cycle, Allosteric Regulation, Covalent Modification. The significance
of allosteric Regulation. Regulation of Enzymatic Activity in Cells.
2. 熟悉: Metabolism Regulation in Cell Level, The significance of
regional distribution of enzymes in cells. The characteristic of
covalent modification. Change of metabolism in starvation.
3. 了解: Regulation of Enzyme Content in Cells. Change of metabolism
in stress.
教学重点
1. Metabolism Regulation in Cell Level.
2．Change of metabolism in starvation..
教学难点
1. Regulation of Enzyme Content in Cells.
教学方法
启发式
课时安排
65 min
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
1. Metabolism Regulation in Cell Level
1) Basic manner of metabolism regulation in cells
2) Regulation of Enzymatic Activity in Cells
3) Regulation of Enzyme Content in Cells
2. Hormone Regulation of Metabolism
1) Regulation Hormones Associating Transmembrane Receptors
2) Regulation Hormones Associating Intracellular Receptor
3. Regulation of Metabolism in Relation to the Whole
1) Metabolism Regulation in Stress
2) Change of Metabolism in Starvation
65 min
60min
小
结
(10 分钟)
思 考 题
1. Metabolism Regulation in Cell Level
2. Hormone Regulation of Metabolism
3. Regulation of Metabolism in Relation to the Whole
1. Describe the change of metabolism in long-term starvation
25
广西医科大学理论课教案(1)
授课教师:吴耀生
教学课题
Teaching
subject
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
教学重点
Teaching key
points
Chapter 10 DNA Biosynthesis
molecular biological central dogma
Section 1 Overlook of DNA Biosynthesis
Section 2 Enzymology of DNA Replication
教学方法
Teaching
methods
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
Problem basic learning:
50 min
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching
class
1. Characteristics of replication，specially semi-conservative replication
2. Fidelity mechanism of DNA replication
3. Structure, functions of DNA polymerase
1.semi-discontinuous replication, bidirectional replication
2. to distinguish DNA polymerase with other enzymes,
45 min
理论课
1. Grasp Characteristics ， specially semi-conservative replication, fidelity
mechanism of DNA replication, structure, functions of DNA polymerase
2. Know well Differences between in prokaryote and in eukaryote, other
enzymes and proteins needed for replication
3. Have an appreciation about Comparison of DNA polymerase with
primase, DNA ligase, helicase, topoisomerase, et al.
教学难点
Teaching
nodus
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
课型
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
1. Molecular biological central dogma
(1) gene, gene expression, replication, transcription, translation
(2) complementary for the molecular biological central dogma
2. Overlook of DNA Biosynthesis
(1) Semi-conservative replication
(2) Semi-discontinuous replication
(3) Bi-directional replication
(4) high fidelity
(5) replicon and primer
3. Enzymology of DNA Replication
(1) DNA polymerase, differences between in prokaryote and in eukaryote
(2) other enzymes and proteins for DNA replication
Summary
(5 min)
1.Characteristics of DNA replication，specially Semi-conservative replication
2. Fidelity mechanism of DNA replication
3. DNA polymerase
Problems
1. How to compare DNA polymerase in prokaryote and in eukaryote?
2. How to understand the fidelity mechanism of DNA replication?
3. What are the enzymology of DNA replication?
Textbook：Biochemistry，Chief Editors Zhao Baochang，Science and Technology Publishing House
Students：2009 Grade Foreign Student Class (6 years class)
Timetable：2010.09 ~2011.01
26
广西医科大学理论课教案(2)
授课教师:吴耀生
教学课题
Teaching
subject
Chapter 10 DNA Biosynthesis
Section 3 Process of DNA Replication
Section 4 Recombination and Repair
课型
理论课
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching
class
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
教学重点
Teaching key
points
1. Grasp leading strand, lagging strand, Okazaki fragment, template
direction, extension direction, reverse transcription
2. Know well
Initiation, extension, termination of DNA replication,
differences in prokaryote and in eukaryote, telomere and telomerase
3. Have an appreciation about other DNA replication ways, such as D-loop
replication, rolling circle replicaion, type and results of DNA mutation, repair
ways for DNA mutation
1. How to initiate replication, how to terminate replication, what are differences
in prokaryote and in eukaryote
2. types of DNA mutation, light repair and excision repair
教学难点
Teaching
nodus
1. rules for termination of DNA replication
2. telomere and telomerase and their functions
3. repair mechanism
教学方法
Teaching
methods
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
Problem basic learning:
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
45 min
50 min
Summary
(5 min)
Problems
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
1. The Process of DNA Replication in prokaryotes
(1) Initiation of Replication
①To unwind the double helix, ②To form replication forks, ③To synthesize
RNA primer, to form an initiation complex
(2) Extension of Replication: DNA poly III is needed
(3) Termination of Replication
2. The Processes of DNA Replication in eukaryotes
(1)Initiation, DNA-polα(primase activity) polδ (helicase activity)
(2) Elongation, polδ, main enzyme of replication
(3) Termination, To remove the primer , link the Okazaki fragments together, To
link the replicons together, combind with histones to form nucleosomes,
telomere formation
3. The difference of replication between in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes
(1) Multiple replicons, (2) Five DNA polymerases, (3) The velocity of the
replication, (4) Telomere replication, (5) histone and nucleosomes
4. types of DNA mutation
5. repair ways for DNA mutation
1. Process of DNA Replication in prokaryotes and in eukaryote
2. types of DNA mutation and main repair way, excision repair
1.What is the key step for the DNA replication? How to initiate replication in
prokaryote and in eukaryote?
27
2. Describe telomere and telomerase and their functions
3. What are the results from DNA mutation?
广西医科大学理论课教案(3)
授课教师:吴耀生
教学课题
Teaching
subject
Chapter 11 Biosynthesis of RNA
Section 1 Template and enzyme
Section 2 Transcription in prokaryotes
课型
理论课
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching
class
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
教学重点
Teaching key
points
教学难点
Teaching
nodus
教学方法
Teaching
methods
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
35 min
1. Grasp concept, template for transcription, characters of transcription, RNA
polymerase in prokaryote and in eukaryote, template strand and coding strand,
transcription direction, extension reaction, operator
2. Know well transcription unit and its characteristics, operon, holoenzyme
and core enzyme, transcriptioin initiation complex, rules for base pairing during
transcription, transcription process
3. Have an appreciation about operon structure, operator characters,
termination mechanisms
1. Concepts related to template strand, coding strand, transcription unit in
prokaryote, sort and characters of RNA polymerase, composition and subunit
function of RNA polymerase
2. transcription characters and process, initiation characters, extension,
termination mechanism
1. asymmetric transcription, sort and characters of RNA polymerase, initiation
complex, extension complex
2.termination mechanism, operon structure, polycistron and monocistron
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
Problem basic learning:
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
1. Template
(1) Structural gene
(2) template strand ( Watson strand ) , coding strand ( Crick strand )
(3) RNA polymerase, DDRP, RNA pol
(4) requairments for transcription
2. RNA polymerase in prokaryotes
Holoenzyme α2ββ’ σ, take part in initiation
Core enzyme α2ββ’
responsible for extension
15 min
3. RNA polymerase in Eukaryotes
RNA pol I : 45S rRNA
RNA pol II : hnRNA
RNA pol III : tRNA, 5s rRNA, snRNA
Summary
1 Requairments for transcription, characters of transcription, comparison of
28
(5 min)
Problems
transcription with replication
2 RNA polymerase in prokaryote and in eukaryote, sorts, structure,
composition, functions
3
1. Why only one RNA polymerase are found in prokaryote? And how is it able
to transcript so many different genes?
2. Why only one strand of DNA serves as template for transcription?
3. What is a holoenzyme? What is a core enzyme?
29
广西医科大学理论课教案(4)
授课教师:吴耀生
Chapter 11 Biosynthesis of RNA
教学课题
Section 3 Transcription in eukaryotes
Teaching
Section 4 Processing of post-transcription
subject
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
Teaching key
points
Teaching
methods
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
Problem basic learning:
45 min
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching class
1. Types and functions of RNA polymerase in eukayrote, some basic concepts
2. Differentiation of transcription between in prokaryote and in eukaryote
1. split gene, pre-initiation complex (PIC)
2. termination and post-transcription modification,
50 min
理论课
1. Grasp concepts of split gene, exon and intron, Transcription initiation characters
2. Know well termination mechanism in eukaryote
3. Have an appreciation about post-transcription modification, mRNA, tRNA,
rRNA, types of intron
Teaching
nodus
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
课型
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
1. mRNA gene organization
(1) split gene
(2) exon and intron
(3) Cis-acting elements in eukaryotes
(4) trans-action factors, transcriptional factors
2. Transcription process
(1) the formation of pre-initiation complex
(2) elongation process
(3) termination mechanism in eukaryote and post-transcription modification
3. post-transcription modification
(1) mRNA and hnRNA, post-transcription modification, splicing, adding 5’-cap and
3’-polyA, RNA editing
(2) tRNA, post-transcription modification, splicing, adding CCA-OH to 3’-end, base
modification
(3) rRNA, post-transcription modification, 45S rRNA to be 28S, 18S, 5.8S rRNA
Summary
(5 min)
1 Transcription initiation characters
2 Termination mechanism in eukaryote
3 Differentiation between prokaryote and eukaryote
Problems
1. Cis-acting elements and transcription factors in eukaryotes?
2. Why do RNA molecules from transcription have to suffer post-transcription
modification ?
3. What are the differences of transcription between in prokaryote and in eukaryote?
30
广西医科大学理论课教案(5)
授课教师:吴耀生
教学课题
Teaching
subject
Chapter 12 Biosynthesis of Protein (Translation)
Section 1 Requirements for Protein Biosynthesis
Section 2 Biological Synthesis Process
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
1. Grasp concepts of translation, ORF, codon, codon characters, functions of
mRNA, tRNA, ribosome in translation, requirements for protein biosynthesis,
initiation codon, terminational codon, extension direction of polypeptide chain
2. Know well structure, composition of ribosome, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase,
amino acid activation, aminoacyl-tRNAi, formation of translational initiation complex
in prokaryote, ribosomal cycle
3. Have an appreciation about formation of tranlational initiation complex in
eukaryote, elongation and termination, polysome, release factors
1. Requirements for protein biosynthesis, functions of mRNA, tRNA, ribosome,
2. Translation initiation, extension, termination, ribosome cycle
教学重点
Teaching key
points
教学难点
Teaching
nodus
教学方法
Teaching
methods
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
50 min
45 min
课型
理论课
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching class
1. Distinguish monocistron and polycistron, initiation differenciation of prokaryote
and eukaryote
2. Wobble, Degeneracy of codons
3. initiation differences between in prokayrote and in eukayrate, Elongation process
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
Problem basic learning:
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
1. Requirements of Protein Biosynthesis
(1) Messenger RNA (mRNA)
genetic code, Start codon, Termination (stop) codons, Reading frame, Initiation in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Characteristics of codons on mRNA (Direction, Commaless, Degeneracy ,
Universality , Wobble)
(2) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
acceptor stem, anticodon stem and anticodon loop
(3) rRNAs and Ribosomes
prokaryotic ribosome, eukaryotic ribosome, Ribosomes was organized in three ways
2. Biological Synthesis Process of Protein
(1) The activation and transfer of amino acids
(2) The synthesis of polypeptide(Initiation, Elongation(Entry of aminoacyl-tRNA,
Formation of peptide bond, Translocation of ribosome) , Termination
Summary
(5 min)
Problems
1. Requairments for protein translation,
2. roles of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and ribosome in protein biosynthesis
3. characters of genetic code
1. Whether the requirements for all protein biosynthesis are same? What are the
process of biosynthesis of Hb?
2. What are the significane for the degeneracy and wobble of codons, respectively?
31
广西医科大学理论课教案(6)
授课教师:吴耀生
Chapter 12 Biosynthesis of Protein (Translation)
教学课题
Section 3 Modification of Post-translation
Teaching
Section 4 Clinical Correlation of Protein Biosynthesis
subject
课型
理论课
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching class
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
1. Grasp concepts of chaperons, targeting of protein,
2. Know well Primary structure modification,
3. Have an appreciation about Folding mechanism, Targeting mechanism, chaperons
action, molecular diseases, Antibiotics mechanism, Interferon mechanism
Teaching key
points
1. Modification of protein primary structure,Targeting mechanism, Folding
mechanism
2. some sample for molecular diseases
Teaching
nodus
1. Folding mechanism, Targeting mechanism
2. Antibiotics mechanism, Interferon mechanism
Teaching
methods
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
Problem basic learning:
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
50 min
45 min
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
1. Post-translation Processing
(1) Primary structure modification
N-end modification, Glycosylation of proteins, Modification of protein on side chain
structures
(2) Folding mechanism, chaperons action
Molecular chaperones, Isomerases(Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), Peptidyl prolyl
cis-trans isomerase (PPI))
(3) Targeting mechanism
Destination of protein, Cytosol, Organelles, Secretion
(4) The polymerization of subunits
2. The clinical correlation of protein biosynthesis
(1) Molecular diseases
(2) Antibiotics mechanism
Tetracycline, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin
(3) Interferon mechanism
Summary
(5 min)
Problems
1 Destination of protein
2 post-translation processing
3 Hb diseases, antibiotics mechanism, interferon mechanism
1. Why and how is a new synthesis polypeptide needed to be modified?
2. What are the differences between antibiotics mechanism and sulfanilamide
mechanism?
3.
32
广西医科大学理论课教案（7）
授课教师:吴耀生
Chapter 14 Gene Technology (Gene Cloning)
教学课题
Section 1 Target DNA
Teaching
Section 2 Tool enzymes
subject
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
课型
理论课
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching class
1.Grasp the concepts of gene technology, gene cloning, target gene, tool enzyme,
requirements of gene cloning, restriction endonuclease
2.Know well othter tool enzymes for gene cloning
3. Have an appreciation about significance of gene cloning, the methods to get a target
gene, how to select a proper RE
教学重点
Teaching key
points
1. target gene, methods to get target gene
教学难点
Teaching
nodus
教学方法
Teaching
methods
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
45 min
1. genome library, cDNA library
2. restriction endonuclease, characteristics, functions, and application of RE,
3. significance of gene cloning
2. characteristics, functions, and application of RE
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
Chapter 17 Gene Technology
1. significance of gene cloning, requirements for gene cloning
(1) use some examples to elucidate the significance of gene cloning, such as HBV
(2) explain why target gene, vector, tool enzyme, host cells are needed for gene cloning
(3) mention the basic procedures for gene cloning
2. target gene
(1) how to make target gene, compare various methods
(2) explain genome library and cDNA library
50 min
Summary
(5 min)
Problems
3. tool enzymes
(1) restriction endonuclease, type, characteristics and functions of RE
(2) other modification enzyme needed for gene cloning and their functions
1.the requirements for gene cloning
2.the characteristics of RE, how to find a RE site on a DNA molecule
1. Why gene technology can be used to produce HBV vaccine? How to get HbsAg gene
as target gene?
2. The requirements for gene cloning and their significance in gene cloning
3. How to select a proper RE for a gene cloning project?
33
广西医科大学理论课教案(8)
授课教师:吴耀生
Chapter 14 Gene Technology (Gene Cloning)
教学课题
Section 3 Vectors
Teaching
Section 4 Manipulation process of gene cloning
subject
课型
理论课
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching class
教学重点
Teaching
key points
1.Grasp plasmid, characteristics of plasmid, specially cloning plasmid,
Manipulation process of gene cloning
2.Keow well ligation methods and mechanism, of target gene with vector
3.Have an appreciation about mechanism of screening and identification,
alpha-complementary
1. Structures and functions of plasmid
2. Construction of recombinant
3. Manipulation process of gene cloning
教学难点
Teaching
nodus
1.Ligation methods and mechanism
2. Mechanism of screening and identification, alpha-complementary
3．
教学方法
Teaching
methods
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
50 min
45 min
Summary
(5 min)
Problems
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
1. Vectors
(1) Basic characters of plasmids
Characters, functions, application in gene cloning, origin site for self-replication,
MCS, marks for screening
(2) Bacteriophage λ
(3) Bacteriophage M13
(4) Cosmids and other vectors
2. The basic process of DNA cloning
(1) The preparation of target DNA
(2)The selection and preparation of vectors
(3) The ligation of DNA fragments in vitro
(4) Foreign DNA is transported into host cells
(5) The screening and identifying of target DNA
Insertion inactivation, alpha-complementary screening
1. kinds of vectors
2. manupulation of gene cloning
3. ligation of target gene with vector
1. How to design a project to do gene cloning?
2. How to improve a gene structure with gene technology?
3．How to decide which one is a positive clone?
34
广西医科大学理论课教案(9)
授课教师:吴耀生
教学课题
Teaching
subject
Chapter 19 Blood Biochemistry
1.Composition and Function of Blood
2.The Plasma Proteins
3.Metabolism of Blood Cells
教学目的
Teaching
Aims
1.Grasp
课型
理论课
对象
09 级全英班
English teaching class
major compositions of blood, major functions of blood proteins, specially albumin
2.Know well the differences between serum and plasma, No-protein nitrogen and other metabolites
presenting in plasma, their source and the clinic significances to be measured. The metabolism
characters of blood cells, such as erythrocytes and leukocytes.
3. Have an appreciation about
教学重点
Teaching key
points
the advance about blood research
1. What are the major compositions of blood? What are the major functrions of blood proteins?
2. What are the major metabolites in plasma came from various body tissures?
3. What are the characteristics of blood cells?
教学难点
Teaching
nodus
1.let the students know well blood cells metabolism
2.let the students feel blood functions related to the formed and unformed compositions
in blood
教学方法
Teaching
methods
讲授式＋启发式＋问题式
Problem basic learning: to use an example with mediterranean anemia，edema, jaundice,
and so on.
For each chapter, key points, questions and disease examples always be used to explain
and develop the contents, and to ask students comprehension
课时安排
Arrangement
of teaching
hours
教学步骤、内容（详细内容见课件）
1. to introduce are the major compositions of blood
(1) formed components, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets,
(2) unformed components, proteins, metabolites, NPN, BUN, creatine, bililubins, glucose, lipid,
(3) the differences between plasma and serum and how to distinguish them
60 min
2. blood proteins
(1) albumin and their functions, the biosynthesis of albumin
(2) globulin and their functions
35 min
3. blood metabolism
(1) erythrocytes: metabolism characters, no organelles,
(2) haemoglobin, haem, synthesis and degradation
(3) leukocytes metabolism characters
Summary
(5 min)
1. the main contents of blood biochemistry
2. the differences and connections between serum and plasma
3. pentose phosphate pathway in erythrocytes and haem biosynthesis and degradation
Problems
1. ask students to find some information about blood disease related to blood cells
2. ask students to think about the clinic significances about the measurement of some
metabolites in blood
Textbook：Biochemistry，Chief Editors Zhao Baochang，Science and Technology Publishing House
Students：2009 Grade Foreign Student Class (6 years class)
Timetable：2010.09 ~2011.01
35