Download Chapter 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7 Study Guide Key terms: Ribonucleic acid

Chapter 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7 Study Guide
Key terms:
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Uracil
Transcription
Translation
Gene expression
RNA polymerase
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Codon
Genetic code
Activator
enhancer
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Anticodon
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
intron
exon
point mutation
substitution
frame shift mutation
insertion
deletion
Things to know:
1. Why do cells regulate gene expression?
2. What happens to the information on a DNA molecule during transcription?
3. What are repressor proteins and where do they bind?
4. mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm (with or without) a complete set of both introns and
exons. (please circle the appropriate response)
5. When are introns deleted from mRNA?
6. What are the portions of a gene that get translated into protein called?
7. What are point mutations?
8. Name and provide examples of 3 types of point mutations.
9. List the differences between DNA and RNA.
10. What happens when a tRNA anticodon binds to an mRNA codon?
11. What are the roles of the activator, enhancer, and promoter in eukaryotic gene regulation?
12. Name the 3 forms of RNA and describe their roles.
13. What is the final product of transcription?
14. How does transcription begin?
15. What is each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid called?
16. List the 3 steps in transcription.
17. Draw figure 8.11 on page 241 and explain.
18. What enzyme is required for transcription to occur?
19. List the differences between DNA replication and transcription.
20. List the 3 steps found in figure 8.13 on page 244 that describe how to interpret the genetic code.
21. Where do transcription and translation occur?
22. Distinguish between the A site and P site on ribosomes. What happens at each site?
23. Describe what happens during each step of translation.
24. The genetic code is the (nearly the same or different) in all organisms. (please circle the appropriate
response).
25. Draw figure 8.16 on page 246 and explain.
26. How are introns and exons different?
27. Explain the differences between chromosomal mutations, gene mutations, and point mutations.
28. Which types of point mutations cause a frame shift mutation?
29. Create a DNA sequence of 12 nucleotides. Transcribe the DNA sequence into mRNA. Finally, use the
amino acid table to write the amino acid sequence.