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Answers for worksheet -Transcription Slide 1 1) Complementary means opposite. 2) RNA stands for Ribonucleic acid. 3) DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. 4) The differences between RNA and DNA are that RNA is single strand and DNA is a double helix, RNA contains the sugar ribose and DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, and the base Uracil in RNA replaces the base Thymine in DNA. 5) RNA Polymerase is an enzyme, which is a protein in structure. 6) Antiparallel means the RNA strand is opposite to the DNA strand. 7) Uracil and Thymine are both bases. Slide 2 8) A gene is a short piece of DNA, which tells the body how to build a specific protein. 9) The function of mRNA is to carry the genetic codes, while tRNA carries a single codon which consists of three base pairs opposite to the mRNA. 10) Protein is created through the process of translation. 11) The function of ribosomal RNA is to combine with protein to form Ribosome which is the site for protein synthesis. Slide 3 12) The basic unit of protein composed of amino acids. 13) The protein structure is three dimensional because of the folding of the amino acids. 14) Endoplasmic reticulum is located outside the nucleus. 15) An anticodon consists of three base pairs which are opposite to the base pairs in the mRNA. Slide 4 16) Describe what you see from this slide. Slide 5 17) During transcription process, the complimentary RNA is read from the 5’ end to the 3’ end of the RNA strand. 18) One of the DNA strand is known as the template strand while the other one is known as the coding strand. RNA reads from the template strand during transcription, the RNA base pairs are exactly the same as the coding strand DNA. Slide 6 19) The first step of the transcription process is the unwinding of the DNA Double helix into two single strands DNA known as the template DNA and the coding DNA. Slide 7 20) The promoter gene is found on the D NA while the RNA polymerase promoter complex is found on the R NA. 21) During step 2 of the transcription process, the RNA nucleotides are paired with the template DNA strand starting at the 5’ end of the RNA to the 3’ end. Slide 8 22) RNA polymerase is an enzyme, which helps to form the sugar phosphate backbone during step 3 of the transcription process. Slide 9 23) In Eukaryote, the RNA exits from the nucleus to the Cytoplasm through nuclear pore complex. Slide 10 24) The RNA strand is free due to the breaking of the hydrogen bonds between the RNA strand and the DNA strands. Slide 11 25) The 5 steps of transcription process are: Pre-initiation, Initiation, Promoter clearance, Elongation, and Termination.